<p>Xitle  is a monogenetic volcano in the Ajusco range in Cumbres del Ajusco National Park. It is located in the Tlalpan borough in the southwestern part of Mexico City. It is an ash cone volcano with a conical form, round base, altitude of approximately 300m, and a slope between 30° and 40°.</p><br>
<p>Xitle erupted during the period AD 245-315, according to the results of radiocarbon dating. Among the consequences of this eruption were the formation of the Pedregal de San Ángel lava fields, to the south of the Mexican Federal District. Cuicuilco, one of the most refined cities of Mesoamerica was destroyed and covered by lava. The subsequent diaspora of the Cuicuilcans, and the attendant diffusion of their culture across most of central Mexico, influenced important cultural changes in the nearby power center of Teotihuacan.</p><br>
<p>According to some other sources, a series of big volcano eruptions, and the destruction of Cuicuilco took place in the 1st century BC.</p><br>
<p>Miscou Island  is a Canadian island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence at the northeastern tip of Gloucester County, New Brunswick.</p><br>
<p>It is separated from neighbouring Lamèque Island to the southwest by the Miscou Channel with both islands forming Miscou Harbour.</p><br>
<p>Lamèque Island and Miscou Island separate Chaleur Bay from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The Miscou Channel is bridged between the community of Little Shippegan on Lamèque Island to the community of Miscou Harbour on Miscou Island by the 2000 metre Miscou Island Bridge which opened in 1996, replacing a cable ferry and physically connecting Route 113.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Miscou Island area was one of the first areas explored by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and was a fishing base for Basque fishermen in the same period. A Jesuit mission was established at Miscou Harbour in 1634. It was an important, although seasonal, port of commerce in its early years of European exploration of Canada.</p><br>
<p>Natives were allegedly frightened to go to the island due to their legendary GouGou monster which inhabited Miscou and which they feared greatly. The natives annually overcame their fear of the monster to set up seasonal hunting camps on the island.</p><br>
<p>The first permanent settler was John Campbell who emigrated from Scotland and moved there around 1817. Soon after came Robert Harper, John Marks, Thomas Cowan and Andrew Wilson, the first 3 of which married Campbell&#39;s daughters. They were followed by fishermen from the Isle of Jersey and then Acadians who settled on arable lands.</p><br>
<p>On April 28, 1939, Vladimir Kokkinaki, flying a Russian monoplane made an emergency crash landing on the island, while attempting a non-stop flight from Moscow to New York, later known as the "Moscow-Miscou" flight.</p><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>Miscou had a population of 585 full-time residents in 2011. The majority speak French as a first language Francophones, about 20 percent of the population list English as their first language. A tourism information center is located at Miscou Harbour and open during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>The major industry is fishing, primarily lobster and herring. Unlike neighbouring areas the peat moss on the island has not been harvested and is left in its natural state. There are several boardwalks and information areas located on the peat moss and other interesting natural habitats on the island. The island is also known for the Miscou Island Lighthouse, which was built in 1856 and is located at the northeastern tip of the island. In the summer it is open for guided tours. The lighthouse was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Miscou Island won a 2010 Phoenix Award honouring conservation efforts in the North American tourism industry. It was described as "one of the single most beautiful spots in the world."</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s sand dunes and lagoons host a variety of migratory birds, including the rare piping plover, Charadrius melodus melodus, making the island a favourite location for birding and naturalists.</p><br>
<p>Miscou is a favourite spot for kitesurfing, kayaking, and for sport-fishing of striped-bass.</p><br>
<p>Waterman Mountain, at 8,041 ft, is a prominent peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California, within the Angeles National Forest and San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Waterman Mountain marks the northern boundary of the San Gabriel Wilderness and it is the highest point in the wilderness.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>During winter and early spring this mountain is packed with snow. Snow may even be found in September lying on Waterman mountain. Spring brings a lot of rain and makes Waterman covered in wildflowers. Summers are hot and dry. The climate here is Highlands/Mediterranean. Partly due to this climate, mixed conifer forests are found on Waterman Mountain, Fauna is greatly influenced because of this climate.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Several small ski areas are located on its north side: Mount Waterman, Kratka Ridge, and Buckhorn Ski Club.</p><br>
<p>The Buckhorn and Cooper Campgrounds are below the peak on the Angeles Crest Highway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert B. Waterman was a pioneer mountain man and a ranger in the San Gabriel Forest Reserve. He, with his wife Liz and their friend Perry Switzer, completed a three-week journey from La Cañada to the Antelope Valley and back in May 1889. With this accomplishment, Liz became the first non-indigenous woman known to have crossed the San Gabriel Mountains. It is said that she placed a cairn on this summit and so it was named Lady Waterman&#39;s Peak. However, with prevailing attitudes toward the "weaker sex" the name was not accepted and it became known as simply Waterman Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The area was severely impacted by the Station fire in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Krndija is a mountain in Slavonia, Croatia, extending eastwards from Papuk. It is located south of Orahovica and Našice and north of Požega.</p><br>
<p>The westernmost point of Krndija is the mountain pass that connects Orahovica with Kutjevo; the easternmost point is hard to determine, as it gradually passes into the lowland area near Đakovo and further east near Vinkovci.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak Kapovac is located in the western part of Krndija, at 792 m. The peak of the central part of Krndija is at 263 meters of altitude.</p><br>
<p>There are several theories about the origins of the name "Krndija". It&#39;s almost certainly not of Croatian origin. One is that it is related to the Greek word χορδή (itself without a widely accepted etymology), in the sense "the border between the two territories." One is that is comes from the Indo-European root *(s)ker, meaning "to cut", in the sense "where you cut the trees." Perhaps the most likely one is that it comes from the Indo-European root *(s)kwer, meaning "steep". If so, the same root is seen in Scardona (the ancient name for Skradin) and Cersia (the ancient name for Cres).</p><br>
<p>Papuk is the largest mountain in the Slavonia region in eastern Croatia, near the city of Požega. It extends between Bilogora to the northwest, Krndija to the east, and Ravna gora and Psunj to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is the eponymous peak at 953 m.a.s.l.</p><br>
<p>The area of Papuk is designated a nature park (park prirode), a kind of protected area in Croatia.</p><br>
<p>At the seventh European Geopark Network Open Conference, hosted by North West Highlands Geopark in September 2007, the Papuk Geopark became the first Croatian Geopark and 30th member of the European and UNESCO Global Geoparks Network.</p><br>
<p>Geopark Papuk was awarded licence second time from UNESCO in 2011.</p><br>
<p>There are several supposed etymologies of the name "Papuk", its almost certainly not of Croatian origin. One is that it comes by assimilation from earlier "Bapuk", where "Ba" is the name of the Celtic tribe that inhabited the region, and "Puk" comes from the Indo-European root *peiH, meaning "big". However, from the historical sources, its visible that Papuk was originally a hydronym. Based on that, its been suggested that the name comes from the repetitive of the Indo-European root *bhogj (to flow), *bhebhogj, so that it means "that which flows and flows". However, there are several problems with that etymology. First, its visible by hydronyms such as "Bosut" and "Bosna" that Indo-European *bh gave *b in the local language. Second, *bhebhogj would actually mean "flow and flow" and not "that which flows and flows", so the endings dont match. So, its been suggested that the name is of Pre-Indo-European origin.</p><br>
<h2>Papuk Geopark</h2><br>
<p>The Papuk Geopark (45&deg;32&prime;N latitude, 17&deg;39&prime;E longitude) is a geopark in Croatia which is situated in two counties, Požega-Slavonia and Virovitica-Podravina, and includes upland forests of the Papuk and Krndija mountains, and edges of agricultural fields. The total area of the Geopark is 33,600 hectare. In September 2007, the Papuk Geopark became the first Croatian geopark (an area with an expressed geological heritage and a strategy for a sustainable economical development) and the 30th member of the European Geoparks Network and a member of the UNESCO-assisted Global Geoparks Network.</p><br>
<p>The Papuk mountains belong to the Slavonia highlands which are in Pannonia, a low-lying area of Slavonia. Even though, the Slavonia highlands are not higher than 1,000 meters, their presence is very noticeable in the landscape. This is because the surrounding alluvial fields are at around 100 m height above sea level, while the hillsides are only 100 m above the fields. The highlands are mostly covered with forests, which differentiates them from the surrounding landscape.</p><br>
<p>Within the Slavonia highlands, the Papuk Mountain stretches from west to east and is the most spacious and most interesting mountain. From the main mountain-ridge well intended are two spurs and a tract watered by a drainage basin in the direction north south. As a remarkable point, emphasis lies on peaks Točak (887 m), Papuk (953 m), Ivačka glava (913 m), Češljakovački vis (820 m), and Kapovac (792 m), which are spread out continuously, and act as a drainage divide between the numerous tributary streams flowing to the river Drava to the north, and the river Sava to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Ravna Gora</h2><br>
<p>Ravna Gora is a mountain in the Slavonia region in eastern Croatia. It is located between Psunj and Papuk, northeast of Pakrac and southeast of Daruvar. The highest peak is Čučevo at the altitude of 854 m.</p><br>
<p>It is bound from the north by the Pakra river, and from the east by river Orljava.</p><br>
<p>Geographers usually classify Ravna Gora as mountain ridge of the Papuk mountain range. In its western part Papuk mountain range is about 20 km wide, formed by three parallel ridges: Lisina (Crni vrh 863 m), Ljutoč (716 m) and Ravna Gora.</p><br>
<p>Psunj is a mountain in the southwestern Slavonia region in eastern Croatia. It is the highest mountain of Slavonia, with the highest peak of Brezovo polje at 984 m.a.s.l. In the north it extends to Ravna gora and Papuk, while otherwise it is surrounded by lowlands. It is located north of Nova Gradiška and southeast of Pakrac.</p><br>
<p>On Psunj, there is a 128.5 metres tall lattice tower used for FM- and TV-transmission, which was designed by Prof. Marjan Ivancic and built by Mostogradnja in 1962/1963.</p><br>
<p>Originally this tower was completely free-standing. Today it is additionally guyed at its upper section.</p><br>
<p>Psunj was called "Pisunus" in antiquity. There are several suggested etymologies for that. One is that it comes from the Indo-European root *pekj (cattle). The other is that it comes from the Indo-European roots *peiH (big, in the sense "mountain") and *sen (old). One very similar to that is that it comes from *peiH and *sewn (black). The other is that it&#39;s related to the Latin word "pinus", meaning "pine tree" or "resin", itself without a widely accepted etymology.</p><br>
<p>Lookout Studio, known also as The Lookout, is a stone building located on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, within Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. It is part of the Grand Canyon Village Historic District, and is part of the Mary Jane Colter Buildings National Historic Landmark. It currently operates as a gift shop and observation station for visitors, with telescopes on its outdoor terrace. Lookout Studio was constructed by the Santa Fe Railway in 1914 and was established as a photography studio to compete with Kolb Studio. It is one of six buildings at the Grand Canyon that were designed by architect Mary Colter, along with Bright Angel Lodge, Hermit&#39;s Rest, Hopi House, Phantom Ranch, and Desert View Watchtower. Lookout Studio employs her signature rustic style of using jagged native rocks to imitate indigenous structures of the region and to blend in with the environment.</p><br>
<p>The rubble stone building is at the edge of the canyon. The walls rise to an irregular parapet which incorporates the building&#39;s chimneys. Before a roof replacement the roof carried a pile of stones designed to look like they had fallen into ruin. The lookout is on three levels, with a main level housing a shop and enclosed viewing area, a lower viewing platform and a small enclosed observation tower. The wood viga roof structure remains visible, although the structure has undergone other renovations. The lookout is unusually brightly lighted for a Colter building, since its interior receives a great deal of light through its banks of large windows.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>Lookout Studio is a component of the multi-site Mary Jane Colter Buildings National Historic Landmark, It was incorporated into the National Historic Landmark group on May 28, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Knowsley Hall is a stately home near Liverpool in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, England. Since 1953 it has been designated a Grade II* listed building, and is the ancestral home of the Stanley family, the Earls of Derby. The hall is surrounded by 2,500 acre of parkland, which contains the Knowsley Safari Park. The hall is still owned by the Stanley family but is no longer a family home and instead used for functions such as corporate events, conferences and weddings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally Knowsley was a medieval hunting lodge in the estate of Lathom House. It was inherited by the 10th Earl in 1702 who developed the lodge into a large house. A dairy (since demolished) was designed by Robert Adam, 1776-77. The house was given Gothic castellations and extended further about 1820 to designs by John Foster, William Burn (who provided a boathouse and bridges in the park) and other architects. In the early 20th century it was "tidied up" by W. H. Romaine-Walker for the 17th Earl. After the Second World War, the buildings were considerably reduced by Claud Phillimore, and ceased to be lived in by the family. A smaller - but still substantial - family residence was built in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Earls of Derby</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Stanley was rewarded with the title of Earl Derby in 1485 by Henry VII as a reward for his support at the Battle of Bosworth Field which led to Henry&#39;s gaining the crown. The title was taken from the area in South Lancashire called West Derby (and not from the city of Derby). In 1495 Thomas entertained Henry VII at Lathom House and at Knowsley, which was then still a hunting lodge. Thomas, the second Earl, fought with Henry VIII at the Battle of the Spurs in 1513. Ferdinando, the fifth Earl, was a poet and a patron of writers, including William Shakespeare. He held the position of Earl for only one year before dying from arsenic poisoning. Edward, the 13th Earl created a large library of works relating to natural history and was a champion of Edward Lear, whom he commissioned to paint animals from the menagerie.</p><br>
<p>Edward, the 14th Earl was a politician who became Prime Minister three times. He was responsible for steering the Slavery Abolition Act through Parliament and in his third administration the Second Reform Bill was passed. Restoration of the hall has been continued by Edward Richard William, the 19th and current Earl and his wife, Caroline Emma Neville, daughter of Lord Braybrooke. The family do not live in the hall but in the New House in the grounds near the hall.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>External</h3><br>
<p>The house consists of a long wing running north-south dating originally from the 1720s to 1737 (the east wing) and at right angles to the west is the south wing, dating originally from around 1495. At the west end of this wing is a detached structure, the Dynamo Tower. The east wing is Georgian in style, built in red brick with stone dressings. The south wing and Dynamo Tower are built in ashlar red sandstone. The oldest part of the south wing is known as the Royal Lodging. On its north side, facing the courtyard, are two round turrets with conical roofs. This face has nine bays with tall sash windows which are divided into groups of three by the towers.</p><br>
<p>The west side of the east wing, which faces the courtyard, has a total of 19 bays, with seven bays in a central section and six bays on each side. It consists of two storeys over a basement with an attic storey over the middle section. Above the central section is a pediment on the summit of which is sculpture of the eagle and child (the Stanley emblem). The east face of the east wing is particularly long. At the north end are four bays in two storeys; the centre is of nine bays in 2½ storeys; and at the south end are 16 bays, also in 2½ storeys but one storey lower because the land falls away to the south. At the south end of the east wing is a "handsome" two-storey, five-bay stone "portico or loggia" with paired Doric columns on the lower storey and paired fluted Ionic columns above. The east wing then jumps back with six bays facing west until it joins the south wing.</p><br>
<h3>Internal</h3><br>
<p>This section describes mainly the rooms which are normally open to the public. The Entrance Hall is panelled in carved oak and is hung with early 18th-century paintings of the house and the park. The Grand Staircase has a collection of oil paintings on leather. The morning room is a light family room overlooking the gardens and parkland. The Breakfast Room has pale blue panels with paintings, one of which is a portrait of Charlotte, wife of the 7th Earl. The Walnut Drawing-Room contains a number of portraits, including one of the second wife of the 12th Earl, the actress Elizabeth Farren. The library contains a collection of books on natural history brought together by the 13th Earl. The Stucco Room, decorated in Rococo style, was created in the 18th century to link the Royal Lodging with the rest of the house is now a ballroom with a sprung floor. The State Dining Room is hung with portraits of family members. The room was designed by Foster to look like a great hall with doors 30 ft high and contains two Gothic fireplaces and an ormolu chandelier. It was reworked in 1890, adding a bay window, a carved dado and a roof consisting of a large rectangular lantern supported on brackets which is glazed round its sides. The hall now measures 53 by and is 50 ft high.</p><br>
<h2>Parkland</h2><br>
<p>This consists of an area of approximately 2,500 acre surrounded by a stone wall 9+1/2 mi long. and designed by Robert Adam.</p><br>
<p>The park contains a number of buildings. These include the New House which was built for the 18th Earl and his family, by Phillimore in 1963 in Neo-Georgian style, the stables to the north of the hall which were designed by William Burn in the 1840s, the boathouse of 1837, also by William Burn, the Nest, Home Farm, and a number of lodges.</p><br>
<p>The parkland also contains the highest point in Knowsley Unitary Authority, 100 metres above sea level, at SJ 456 943.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>Apart from the Safari Park being a tourist attraction, the hall and its grounds are used for a number of purposes. The hall can be booked for conferences and corporate events, and for private events. It is licensed for weddings. Events are held in the grounds to raise money for local charities.</p><br>
<p>The Leopoldsberg  is perhaps Vienna’s most famous hill, towering over the Danube and the city. Leopoldberg’s most prominent landmark is the church which stands at the top, and which is clearly visible from Vienna below. Construction of the , dedicated to Saint Leopold, began in 1679; an expansion following a design by Antonio Beduzzi was undertaken 171830. Other renovations were to follow. Across the square from the church, on what used to be a tower of the fortification system, a memorial to those Austrians who returned home from captivity after World War II was created in 1948.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Leopoldberg forms the northeastern corner of the Alps. Alternating layers of marl (rich in carbonate) and sandstone form the parent rock. Unlike most of the mountains of the flysch zone (Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary periods), the Leopoldsberg has steep slopes due to the erosive power of the river Danube on one side and of a small creek on the other. This relief intensifies the differences in local climate and vegetation, which are provided by the borderline between Pannonic and Central European climates. The northern slope is covered with beech forests, the most common forest type of the Wienerwald.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Human settlements are known since the Stone Age and especially from Celtic people during the Iron Age. Originally, Roman Vienna or Vindobona was an oppidum (proto-urban settlement) on the Leopoldsberg. It belonged to the Celtic kingdom of Noricum, but the Emperor Augustus (through his general Tiberius) added the oppidum to Pannonia, which became a formal province during the second half of the reign of Claudius (41-54 BC).Through the centuries, the mountain, especially the southern slope, was bare of forest and used for vineyards and grazing. Leopoldsberg therefore had the name “Bald Hill” (it was the “bare” or kahl of the two) until 1693 when the baroque church was built on top of the second, at which time the name was transferred to the neighboring mountain (modern-day Kahlenberg). In 1683, modern-day Kahlenberg was the meeting point of King Jan III Sobieski’s Polish-Austrian troops, who defeated the Turkish invaders and liberated the city of Vienna during the Second Siege of Vienna (Polish veterans still consider Kahlenberg as the setting of the famous battle).</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Leopoldsberg and neighboring Kahlenberg can be reached by car or by bus (Bus line 38A) via the Kahlenbergerstraße from Nußdorf (today the end station of the tram-line D), which passes several heuriger as it climbs the mountain. The leisurely hike up Kahlenbergerstraße is a favorite Sunday excursion for many Viennese, young and old, and the path is paved all the way to the top.</p><br>
<p>Döbling (Wien) - Leopoldsberg.JPGLeopoldsberg from the south</p><br>
<p>Wien_Leopoldsberg_St_Leopold.jpgLeopoldskirche</p><br>
<p>Wien_Leopoldsberg_Langenzersdorf.jpgView on Langenzersdorf</p><br>
<p>Wien_Jahn_Gedenktafel.jpgJahn memorial</p><br>
<p>The Powwow River is a 22.8 mi river located in New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Merrimack River, part of the Gulf of Maine watershed.</p><br>
<h2>River course</h2><br>
<p>According to USGS topographic maps, the Powwow River rises in the center of Danville, New Hampshire, and flows southeasterly through Long Pond into Kingston, where it enters Great Pond, a 268 acre water body in the center of the town. Leaving Great Pond, the river enters an extensive network of wetlands and receives a major tributary from the southwest, the outlet of Country Pond, situated in Kingston and Newton. Continuing east, the Powwow River enters Powwow Pond and passes into the southwest corner of East Kingston, flowing over Trickling Falls Dam at Route 107. The river turns southeast and enters South Hampton, where it flows into Tuxbury Pond and crosses into Amesbury, Massachusetts. Below the outlet of the pond, the river winds easterly along the state line before entering Massachusetts for good at Lake Gardner. The river then flows through the center of Amesbury, where it drops over falls and rapids before reaching the Merrimack River.</p><br>
<h2>Falls at Amesbury</h2><br>
<p>The river drops approximately 90 ft through the center of Amesbury, providing ample water power for the early industrial development of the town. The falls in the center of Amesbury present interesting views, with a variety of machinery, dams, and houses surrounding the falls. The river flows under a historic building in the center of the town. During flooding, the Powwow River has made national news due to the potential destruction of historic buildings in Amesbury.</p><br>
<h2>Atlantic white cedar swamp</h2><br>
<p>Between Country Pond and Powwow Pond, the river is home to the most extensive complex of Atlantic white cedar swamp forest wetlands in New Hampshire. Atlantic white cedar swamps are a globally rare type of natural community. Of the 500,000 acre of wetlands in New Hampshire, only about 550 acre are Atlantic white cedar swamps.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, The Nature Conservancy purchased 50 acres, including more than 3,000 ft of frontage on the Powwow River and nearly all of a large Atlantic white cedar basin swamp. In 2006, The Nature Conservancy acquired four more tracts, totaling 41.8 acre and providing 1,300 ft of river frontage, adding further protection to the swamp. The partners eventually hope to conserve a contiguous block of more than 900 acre, safeguarding the river and its special habitats and providing opportunities for public boating, hunting, fishing and wildlife observation.</p><br>
<p>The area of the river between Country Pond and Powwow Pond is also an excellent example of a streamside fen ecosystem and is situated over one of southeastern New Hampshire’s largest and most productive aquifers.</p><br>
<p>Souda Bay is a bay and natural harbour near the town of Souda on the northwest coast of the Greek island of Crete. The bay is about 15 km long and only two to four km wide, and a deep natural harbour. It is formed between the Akrotiri peninsula and Cape Drapano, and runs west to east. The bay is overlooked on both sides by hills, with a relatively low and narrow isthmus in the west near Chania.</p><br>
<p>Near the mouth of Souda bay, between the Akrotiri and the town of Kalives, there is a group of small islands with Venetian fortifications. The largest island is Souda Island, giving its name to the bay.</p><br>
<p>Souda Bay is now a popular tourist destination although there are no formal public beaches designed in the area, due to the presence of the Crete Naval Base, a major naval installation of the Hellenic Navy and NATO in the eastern Mediterranean. Villages such as Megala Chorafia and Kalives afford fine views of the bay, and house-building, particularly for foreigners and tourist companies, is spreading along the bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient and Medieval</h3><br>
<p>There have been port facilities on the bay since ancient times, previously serving the city of Aptera. Aptera was founded in the 7th Century BC and was an important city during the ancient and early Byzantine periods. It was destroyed by the Saracens in the 820s AD. The nearest large ancient city was Kydonia, which flourished in the Minoan era on Crete; moreover, during a portion of the first millennium BC Kydonia held influence over Aptera.</p><br>
<h3>Venetian rule</h3><br>
<p>The Venetians occupied the area in 1207. In 1571 an Ottoman military force landed at Souda and caused major destruction in the Chania area. The Venetians fortified Souda Island between 1570 and 1573, in order to protect the area from Ottoman raiders and pirates. However, Souda Bay remained a pirate infested area during the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. The Venetians managed to hold on to the strategic islands within Souda Bay until 1715, over thirty years after the fall of Crete to the Ottomans.</p><br>
<h3>Ottoman rule</h3><br>
<p>In 1822 an Egyptian army of approximately 10,000 under Hassan Pasha landed at Souda to defeat the Cretan Revolution of 1821.</p><br>
<p>After the Cretan Revolution of 1866–69, the Ottomans built fortresses at Aptera (Aptera Fortress) and Kalami (Izzeddin Fortress), barracks, a military hospital and a naval base. They also built the town of Souda at the head of the bay, as the new port of the nearby city of Chania. The fortress at Kalami is still in use as prisons. The naval base was officially inaugurated in 1872, in the presence of Sultan Abdul Aziz.</p><br>
<h3>Cretan State (1898–1913)</h3><br>
<p>In the period of the semi-independent Cretan State the area attracted international interest, as it offered port facilities to foreign naval vessels enforcing the Cretan autonomy. The first High Commissioner, Prince George of Greece, disembarked at Souda Bay on December 9, 1898. The church of Saint Nicholas was built during this period.</p><br>
<h3>Union with Greece to World War II (1913–1940)</h3><br>
<p>In 1913, events marking the union of Crete with Greece took place on Souda Island. On February 1 the metallic Ottoman flag, the last symbol of Ottoman rule, was removed and replaced by the Greek flag on May 1. Also the ruined chapel was rebuilt and dedicated to Saint George.</p><br>
<p>In 1916 the British liner SS Minnewaska, requisitioned by the British Army as a troops carrier, struck a mine and was beached at Souda Bay.</p><br>
<p>After 1923 the area was used as an Hellenic Army base, housing the artillery units of 5th Infantry Division.</p><br>
<h3>1940–1945</h3><br>
<p>During World War II British and Commonwealth troops withdrew from mainland Greece in April 1941 and 25,000 men, mainly from New Zealand and Australia, disembarked at Souda Bay.</p><br>
<p>In May 1941, during the German attack named "Operation Merkur", Allied troops retreated from the Souda area to Sfakia in the south of the island. The Germans occupied the area until 1945. The Souda Bay Allied War Cemetery, the principal Allied war cemetery of the island, designed by architect Louis de Soissons, is located at Souda.</p><br>
<h2>Military installations</h2><br>
<p>Souda Bay is the location of three major military installations: the Hellenic Navys Crete Naval Station, which also houses the NATO Maritime Interidiction Operational Training Centre; the Hellenic Air Forces Souda Air Base on Akrotiri Peninsula, base of the 115th Combat Wing; and the NATO Missile Firing Installation.</p><br>
<h2>Philately and Postal history</h2><br>
<p>During Turkish rule an Ottoman post office operated in Souda until 1892. The Cretan State post office opened officially in 1912, although a postal agent operated there previously, possibly since 1908.</p><br>
<p>A special local stamp depicting Souda Island was issued on November 15, 1913 to commemorate the union with Greece and was sold only by Cretan post offices. This stamp, printed by Bradbury Wilkinson and Company in the United Kingdom, is commonly called the "Souda Issue".</p><br>
<p>St. Florian Church is a Roman Catholic Church at 2626 Poland Street in Hamtramck, Michigan. The church was designed by Ralph Adams Cram of the firm Cram and Ferguson.</p><br>
<h2>Parish</h2><br>
<p>St. Florian&#39;s parish consists of predominantly Polish members whose families were immigrants from Poland and settled in Hamtramck after Dodge opened an automobile factory in 1910. Clergy are of the Ministry of the Society of Christ Fathers to Polish Migrants,</p><br>
<p>By 1907, Ford, Dodge, and Packard plants were employing many Polish immigrants who settled in Hamtramck Township or in contiguous neighborhoods on what was then the northern edge of the city of Detroit. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit recognized the need for a church to serve Polish residents, and established the parish named for St. Florian, patron of Poland, in 1907. Services were initially held in a storefront.</p><br>
<p>The influx of Polish immigrants created a need for churches. The first Polish Catholic Church in Detroit was St. Albertus (1872), followed by St. Florian (1907) in Hamtramck St. Casimir (1882); St. Francis of Assisi (1889); St. Josaphat (1889); St. Stanislaus (1890s); St. John Cantius (1902); St. Hedwig&#39;s (1903); and St. Hyacinth (1905).</p><br>
<p>Ground was broken for a church building in March 1908. The cornerstone was laid on July 12, 1908, and the dedication was held on January 10, 1909. As the congregation grew the original building quickly became inadequate. Parishioners amassed $500,000 (in pre-Depression funds) to build a larger sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>The present church</h2><br>
<p>Cram, who is best known for popularizing Gothic architecture in the United States, was chosen to design the building. He created a magnificent modified English Gothic structure that won an award from American Architect magazine in 1929.</p><br>
<p>Cram used modern construction techniques that included building on a steel frame and using bricks on the exterior.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the present edifice began in January 1926 and the church was consecrated on October 21, 1928. Nearly 5,000 people turned out for the dedication of the building. The cornerstone is in both Latin and Polish.</p><br>
<p>In both its opulence and scale, it is a monumentally grand Polish Cathedral style building. The churchs spire rises nearly 200 ft above the street and was designed to stand in stark contrast to the smokestacks of Hamtramcks industrial environment. The church is taller than the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament which houses the seat of the Detroit archdiocese. It seats 1,200 and the altar was made in Italy.</p><br>
<p>The award-winning opulence of St. Florian&#39;s is a reminder of the "humble structure" that preceded it; the prosperity and generosity of parishioners made possible construction of "one of the most attractive churches in the metropolis." The front facade has a "broad Gothic Arch flanked by twin spires notable for the impression they give of lightness and delicateness." Exceptional brickwork is arrayed in a varied horizontal bands.</p><br>
<p>The interior consists of the nave of six bays topped by a rib vault. The vault is blue with vines painted at the groins. The main aisle is flanked by two smaller aisles. At the Clerestory level of each bay is a small rose window and on the sides are large stained glass windows. "The stained glass work is striking and fitting". The altar windows depict five Polish saints — Casimir, Florian, Hedwig, Hyacinth and Stanislaus. The nave windows illustrate the joyful and glorious mysteries of the rosary, and other vignettes from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.</p><br>
<p>The 1928 Austin electric Pipe organ Opus No. 1526 (3 manuals and 26 ranks) was renovated and rededicated April 13, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Pastor Fr. Thomasz Sielicki noted that St. Florian had as many as seven priests and 3,000 students in the school during its heyday and that it kept many parishioners for their whole lives. "Many received all their sacraments from here," he said. "People are really very strongly connected to their church." The church currently has about 600 parishioners.</p><br>
<p>In December 2011, a committee of the Archdiocese of Detroit released its recommendations concerning maintenance and closing of various parishes. It made three contingent recommendations about St. Florian&#39;s:</p><br>
<p>1. By June, 2012, submission to the LDP Committee and Finance Council of a repayment plan for the $1,850,000.00 owed to the Archdiocese</p><br>
<p>2. Commitment by the Society of Christ Religious Order commit to continuing to pastor St. Florian, then it would "become a cluster partner of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Sterling Heights. The parishes share the same order of priests, and same mission.&quot</p><br>
<p>3. Alternatively, if the Society of Christ Religious Order leaves the parish then (a) it could become mission church for the Polish immigrants in the city of Hamtramck; (b) the parish would be sold to pay off the debt; or (c) if the parish is debt free, its fate would be subject to further discussion.</p><br>
<h2>Noteworthy events</h2><br>
<p>In 1969, the cardinal archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła, who later became Pope John Paul II, celebrated Mass at St. Florian.</p><br>
<p>The church also served as a backdrop for some scenes in the Theresa Connelly film Polish Wedding.</p><br>
<p>Detroit City councilman (and former Mayor) Kenneth Cockrel is a graduate of St. Florian High School, which is now closed.</p><br>
<p>Consistent with being named for St. Florian &ndash; the patron saint of firefighters who is credited with saving Kraków from fire This event is held in conjunction with the St. Florian Strawberry festival.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, a Mass was celebrated on the Feast of Christ the King to a standing-room-only crowd, Cardinal Adam Maida was the lead celebrant. His English homily was followed by one in Polish by Fr. Tomasz Sielicki, S.Chr., Fr. Mirosław Frankowskis predecessor and now the orders general superior.</p><br>
<p>Cardinal Maida called the day a "historic and joyful occasion". He also called attention to the Felician Sisters, who opened the parish&#39;s elementary school 99 years ago and its high school in 1940. Additionally, he recognized the parishioners and lay organizations and "self-sacrificing lay faithful who have given of their time, their talent, and their treasure to maintain this great parish over the decades." The Cardinal also spoke about the visit of Pope John Paul II to Hamtramck in 1987.</p><br>
<p>At a Mass on November 23. 2009, the church celebrated its centenary.</p><br>
<p>In conjunction with the celebration, a Michigan Historical marker was erected. Fr. Sielicki said its important to recognize the parishs history especially since it will start celebrating its 100-year anniversary this Christmas. "We see in it recognition of our spiritual, cultural and social contribution of this parish to the life of Metro Detroit," he said. "It is for ourselves a reminder to do the same in the future." He added, "I think it will make our church even better known in the area."</p><br>
<p>The historical marker, Registered Site L2189, was erected in 2007 at Florian Street between Brombach and Latham Streets, in Hamtramck, Wayne County, Michigan. The text indicates:</p><br>
<p>Saint Florian Church</p><br>
<p>Saint Florian Parish was founded in 1907 to serve the Detroit areas rapidly expanding Polish Catholic community. By the 1920s Saint Florian was the second largest Catholic parish in Detroit, and it required a larger church. The Reverend John Bonkowski hired Boston architect Ralph Adams Cram to design this building, inspired by the Gothic churches of the Middle Ages. The churchs medieval style contrasted with the modern industrial community. Nowakowski and Sons of Hamtramck built the church, and the J.M. Kase & Company made the stained glass in its New York Studio. The working-class parishioners sacrificed to build the church. In 1929 American Architect magazine named it the best new church in America.</p><br>
<p>The obverse of the marker states:</p><br>
<p>Saint Florian Historic District</p><br>
<p>The Saint Florian Historic District is roughly bounded by Holbrook, Joseph Campau Ave., Yemans, and Dequindre Streets. Incorporated as a village in 1901, Hamtramck experienced rapid growth when Eastern European immigrants came to work at nearby Dodge, Ford and Packard automotive plants. The villages population boomed from 3,559 in 1910 to 48,615 in 1920. In the shadow of the magnificent Saint Florian Church, modest houses occupy thirty-foot-wide lots. Platted in 1909 as Whitneys subdivision, the densely developed neighborhood was built in anticipation of an influx of workers to the Dodge Main factory that opened less than one mile from here in 1910. The district reflects the tightly knit Polish community that first lived here.</p><br>
<p>The Schoharie Reservoir is a reservoir in the Catskill Mountains of New York State that was created to be one of 19 reservoirs that supplies New York City with water. It was created by impounding Schoharie Creek. Portions of it lie in the towns of Conesville and Gilboa in Schoharie County, Roxbury in Delaware County, and Prattsville in Greene County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Even after the Ashokan Reservoir was created as New York Citys thirteenth reservoir and the Kensico Reservoir was completed soon after to store its water, the water supply was still insufficient for the citys high population. A search for a new location led to the village of Gilboa, New York, which was purchased and its residents evacuated through condemnation.</p><br>
<p>Site preparation destroyed most of the area&#39;s trees and buildings up to the water line. The dam was built during the early 1920s out of stone bricks. Flooding was completed in 1924 and the reservoir put into service. The village of Gilboa was relocated to the west; traces of it can still be seen during a drought.</p><br>
<p>The resulting reservoir, the northernmost of the New York City system, is located 36 miles (58 km) southwest of Albany and roughly 110 miles (180 km) northwest of New York City. It lies at the southern end of Schoharie County, the northeastern end of Delaware County, and at the northwestern end of Greene County. It neighbors such towns as Gilboa, Prattsville, and Conesville. It is an impounded portion of the Schoharie Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk River, itself a tributary of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The resulting reservoir consists of a single 6-mile (9.6-km) basin, and holds 17.6 e9USgal of water at full capacity, making it one of the smaller New York City reservoirs. Put into service in 1926, the Schoharie Reservoir provides nine million people with approximately 15-16 percent of their annual water supply needs. It is also the smaller of the two reservoirs which, along with the Ashokan Reservoir, in Olive, New York, make up the New York City Catskill Water System. Overflow from the Schoharie Reservoir tops the Gilboa Dam and runs back into Schoharie Creek, ultimately flowing into the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>Water from the Schoharie Reservoir flows to New York City through the 16 mi-long Shandaken Tunnel, and empties into the Esopus Creek at Shandaken. Another 11 miles (18 km) down the Esopus it empties into the Ashokan Reservoir. From there water enters the 92-mile (147 km) Catskill Aqueduct to the Kensico Reservoir, thence to New York City.</p><br>
<h2>Gilboa Dam</h2><br>
<p>The 120 ft high concrete and stone brick Gilboa Dam 42&deg;23&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 74&deg;26&prime;59&Prime;W longitude in Schoharie County was completed in 1926. Over time the dam eroded to where it posed a potential threat to those living downstream. In December 2005, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection began a $24 million project to bring the dam up to New York State safety standards. Beginning in December 2006 eighty post-tensioned anchoring cables were installed through holes drilled in the dam into bedrock below, bringing it up to New York State safety standards.</p><br>
<p>Schoharie County planned and authorized the Gilboa Dam Failure Outdoor Warning System, which was installed by Mid-State Communications. New York City paid for the system consisting of twenty sirens stretching from the Town of Gilboa to the Town of Esperance, ending at the Montgomery County line.</p><br>
<p>A larger, full-scale overhaul of the Gilboa Dam began in the summer of 2011 after five years of planning. Estimated to cost $350 million, the project will add significant mass to the dam, install floodgates, and include a large tunnel bypass allowing water to be released safely from the reservoir into Schoharie Creek. A citizens advocacy group, called Dam Concerned Citizens, Inc., was formed to monitor structural vulnerabilities in order to ensure the safety of those living downstream.</p><br>
<p>On August 28, 2011, after receiving as much as 12 in of rainfall from Hurricane Irene, the Gilboa Dam was placed in a level B situation. Though the dam was intact, the heavy upstream rainfall from the hurricane prompted officials to issue an evacuation order for downstream residents, including a mandatory evacuation of the towns of Middleburgh and Schoharie. The evacuation order was due to the heavy rainfall and not due to a dam failure. After a minor earthquake on August 27, 2011 was recorded in the region and in response to the 2011 Virginia earthquake which occurred on August 23, 2011 and was felt as far north as Canada, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo ordered an infrastructure inspection which included the Gilboa Dam. Governor Cuomo visited the dam on the morning of August 28, 2011 to report that officials had discovered no impacts to the dam from recent seismic activity.</p><br>
<p>Mount Langley is located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada, on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, in eastern California in the southwestern United States. To the east is Owens Valley, and to the west is the Kern River Valley. It is the ninth-highest peak in the state and the seventh-highest in the Sierra. Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, lies 4.8 mi to the northwest. Mt. Langley also has the distinction of being the southernmost fourteener  in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Today, the mountain is named after Samuel Pierpont Langley. In the early 1870s, it was confused with Mount Whitney by early climbers, and called by this name. When the mistake was realized, the peak was alternately called Mount Corcoran, Cirque Peak, or Sheep Mountain; the former two names being later attached to other mountains. But its current name became established in local usage, and was made official by the Board on Geographic Names in 1943.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Langley is one of the easiest of California&#39;s fourteeners to climb. A hiking trail starts at nearby Horseshoe Meadow, at an elevation of about 10,000 ft, passes scenic Cottonwood Lakes, and climbs through New Army Pass. From there hikers travel cross-country to Old Army Pass, where they may pick up the recently constructed Class 1 Mount Langley Trail, which follows a series of large rock cairns for the two mile push to the summit. New Army Pass is 7 mi from the trailhead at Horseshoe Meadow and is an easier but longer approach to Langley than Old Army Pass via Cottonwood Lakes Trail.</p><br>
<p>Due to the elevation, both passes are covered with snow most of the year. New Army Pass sits on a south-facing slope and it tends to clear of snow somewhat earlier in the season. Old Army Pass is only clear of snow for less than two months per year, from mid-August to early October. During the winter months, even the paved road to Horseshoe Meadow is closed, making the summit significantly harder to reach.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded climb of the mountain was in 1871 by Clarence King and the French mountaineer Paul Pinson.</p><br>
<p>Langinkoski is a rapid on the Kymi river in Kotka, Finland.</p><br>
<h2>Imperial fishing lodge</h2><br>
<p>Alexander III of Russia (who ruled the Grand Duchy of Finland as part of the Russian Empire) had a very small manor or a medium-sized log house built there, between the branches of the Kymi river. He would take relatively rustic vacations there, along with his family. His wife the empress Marie Feodorovna (née Dagmar of Denmark) enjoyed cooking while he fished or split wood. The log house is now a museum.</p><br>
<p>Alexander III and Dagmar had heard about the good salmon fishing at Langinkoski, so in the summer of 1880 they arrived at Langinkoski to watch the salmon fishing. They also took a liking to the beautiful river scenery and promised to return.</p><br>
<p>Some years later they did return to Langinkoski. They said that they would like to have a little fishing hut on the banks of the river.</p><br>
<p>The senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland took measures to have a villa built for the sovereign and his family on the very banks of the Langinkoski rapids. The lodge was designed by architect Magnus Schjerfbeck and the interior decorating was planned by architect Jac. Ahrenberg.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the lodge was begun in the summer of 1888. The imperial couple were so interested in their summer house in Finland that they came to watch the progress of the project. Along with them came their youngest children, grand duke Michael, 10, and grand duchess Olga, 6.</p><br>
<p>The interior decorating of the lodge was almost totally designed and manufactured in Finland.</p><br>
<p>The pieces of furniture in the sitting room were manufactured by local cabinet-makers, the textiles by Tampella in Tampere, the chinaware by Arabia in Helsinki, the axe by Billnäs, the wine and drinking glasses by Karhula Glassworks and the kitchen stove by Högfors; all well-known firms which still exist.</p><br>
<p>At their Langinkoski lodge the imperial family led a very simple life. The emperor was very fond of children and he took his youngest children for outings in the surroundings. The members of the imperial family used simple clothing and had uncomplicated food to eat.</p><br>
<p>Empress Marie Feodorovna knew how to cook and at Langinkoski she had an opportunity of devoting herself to that hobby. It is known also that she did not like washing the dishes.</p><br>
<p>Some years ago a photograph taken at Langinkoski was found in the Russian State Archives in St. Petersburg. The picture shows empress Marie Feodorovna sitting on the kitchen porch busying herself with cooking. The young officer to the right is Grand Duke George, her second youngest son. This probably was his only visit to Langinkoski. He had caught tuberculosis and the doctors had recommended for him to live in a mountain climate. He lived in the Caucasus and died there at the age of 28 years.</p><br>
<p>When Finland became independent in 1917 the imperial fishing lodge was taken over by the Finnish government, but it was left without maintenance. Pieces of furniture were removed to unknown destinations and the lodge began to deteriorate.</p><br>
<p>Private individuals saved the lodge for posterity by establishing an association with the intention of turning the lodge into a museum. Their second attempt to get the government&#39;s permission for their project met with success and in 1933 the museum was opened. This very day the association, Langinkoski Museum Society, acts as museum operator under a contract with the government and under the supervision of the National Board of Antiquities.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the beds of the emperor and the empress had been taken away to an unknown place. As a result of many years of detective work by the Museum Society the beds were traced to Kultaranta, the summer residence of the president of Finland.</p><br>
<p>There they were placed in the guest rooms. In 1956 they were returned to Langinkoski where they can be seen upstairs in the bedroom of the imperial couple."</p><br>
<p>Casa Malpaís is an archaeological site of the Ancient Pueblo Peoples located near the town of Springerville, Arizona. The site is a nationally recognized archaeological site and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Casa Malpaís was built around 1260 and was inhabited until about 1400, meaning that the site dates from the Pueblo III to the Pueblo IV Era. It is one of the latest dated Mogollon sites. The name Casa Malpaís has been misinterpreted to mean House of the Badlands, but the name actually refers to the type of volcanic vesicular basalt rock, or Malapi, which the site is built upon. The Springerville volcanic field contains over 400 volcanoes within a fifty-mile radius of Springerville, making it the third largest volcanic field in the continental United States.</p><br>
<p>Unique and unusual features characterize the site. The Great Kiva, painstakingly constructed of volcanic rock, is the centerpiece. A steep basalt staircase set into a crevice of the high basalt cliff wall leads to the top of the mesa.</p><br>
<p>Both the Hopi and Zuni Indian tribes still consider Casa Malpaís a sacred ancestral place.</p><br>
<p>The site is at an elevation of 7,000 feet and the pueblo is perched atop terraces on front of basalt cliffs. These cliffs were formed from lava flow from an ancient volcano.</p><br>
<p>Around 1240, a 60-room pueblo, solar calendar, and Great Kiva were built by the people. The site was believed to be abandoned by 1350.</p><br>
<p>Artifacts were excavated and collected over time. The Casa Malpaís collection includes 156 boxes of potsherds and other artifacts from the ruins. Special butterfly collection. Most of the artifacts found in the 1990s are displayed in the Casa Malpaís museum.</p><br>
<h2>Solar Calendar</h2><br>
<p>This feature consists of a low stone wall enclosing a space 26 meters in diameter, with 5 gates. Part of the structure has been restacked, indicating an approximate possible height of 1.2 meters. "An opening on the structure&#39;s northern side appears to be oriented to true north" (Zoll 2012) Another, on the southwest side of the structure, is offset to allow a distinctive rectangular shaft of light to enter in a direct line with the wall during sunset at summer solstice (Zoll 2012, p. 15). At winter solstice, the shaft of light once again enters through the gate and extends to about the middle of the enclosure (Zoll 2012, p. 14). During the equinoxes, the sun enters again through the gate and "produces a distinctive rectangular shaft of light" (Zoll 2012, p. 15).</p><br>
<p>Outside this circular feature, is a Bear Claw petroglyph, which at vernal equinox sunset, fits into a shaft of light produced by a natural rock grouping. " Both the Hopi and Zuni have bear clans or bear societies who may have created this image for reasons unknown"(Zoll 2012 p. 18).</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The first visit to Casa Malpaís by a professional anthropologist was in 1883, when Frank Cushing, an anthropologist living at Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, visited a site at "El Valle Redondo on the Colorado Chiquito", and was impressed by what he termed "the fissure type pueblo" he found there. In his journal he sketched dry masonry bridging fissures, upon which the pueblo is constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Casa Malpais Visitor Center and Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Casa Malpais Visitor Center and Museum&#39;is located on Main Street in Springerville, Arizona. The museum displays artifacts found at Casa Malpais and offers guided tours of the site that originate at the museum.</p><br>
<p>The Silcox Hut is a small rustic mid-mountain lodge located at 6,950 ft elevation on Mount Hood, Oregon, United States. It is approximately 1,000 ft vertical above Timberline Lodge and roughly one mile distance directly up the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Silcox Hut was built by the WPA and finished in 1939. It was named after Ferdinand Silcox, the fifth Chief of the Forest Service, 1933–1939.</p><br>
<p>The hut was the upper terminal of the original Magic Mile chairlift and housed the lift&#39;s upper bullwheel in what is now the guest sleeping quarters. It was also intended as a warming hut and starting point for climbers. After the chairlift was relocated in 1962, it was abandoned and became derelict due to vandalism and fierce mountain weather.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the Portland State University Outdoor Program leased the Hut. The students of the Program made a few improvements to the hut including repairs to the fireplace hearth and new window shutters. Program Alumni consider this lease the first action taken to save Silcox Hut. There was discussion between the US Forest Service and Timberline Lodge to burn down the hut because of its condition. Even though the Program enjoyed access to the mountain provided by Silcox Hut, they could not counter the seemingly constant vandalism and had to relinquish the lease.</p><br>
<p>Silcox Hut was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>In the same year, the Friends of Silcox Hut was created as a non-profit organization.</p><br>
<p>The initial restoration proposal was made by climbing enthusiasts and guides, and it was their intention to operate the facility.</p><br>
<p>Over the course of the late 1980s and early 1990s, The Friends of Silcox Hut renovated and reopened Silcox to the public in 1993. Although they intended it partially as an overnight hostel and restaurant for climbers, it is now rented out to groups of up to 24 for overnight lodging and hearty meals by RLK, the operators of Timberline Lodge. It is available for group day use such as weddings and anniversaries.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of Silcox received several awards for its restoration, including the People&#39;s Choice Award and the Craftsmanship Award from the Portland AIA Awards Program in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of Silcox Hut carries on as a non-profit maintenance and special projects group to protect the integrity of the restoration. Its board is entirely made up of architects and craftsmen and others deeply involved in the original restoration. Lifetime and annual memberships are available with all proceeds supporting restoration efforts.</p><br>
<p>Recent special projects included a snow tunnel for the south entrance engineered to withstand 25 feet of compacted snow.</p><br>
<p>The Mahoosuc Range, a northern extension of the White Mountains, straddles the border between New Hampshire and Maine. The range&#39;s highest peak, 4,170 ft Old Speck Mountain, is the fourth-highest peak in Maine. Substantial parts of the range are publicly owned as parts of the National Park Service Appalachian Trail corridor and Grafton Notch State Park in Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail traverses the main ridge of the Mahoosucs between Shelburne, New Hampshire and Grafton Notch in Maine. Mahoosuc Notch, considered one of the most difficult sections of the Appalachian Trail, cuts a deep cleft in the middle of the range between Mahoosuc Mountain and Fulling Mill Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Mountains</h2><br>
<p>(from north to south)</p><br>
<p>Old Speck Mountain 4,170 ft</p><br>
<p>Mahoosuc Arm 3,790 ft</p><br>
<p>Mahoosuc Mountain 3,490 ft</p><br>
<p>Fulling Mill Mountain 3,450 ft</p><br>
<p>Goose Eye Mountain, West Pk. 3,870 ft</p><br>
<p>Goose Eye, North Pk. 3,650 ft</p><br>
<p>Goose Eye, East Pk. 3,794 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Carlo 3,565 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Success 3,565 ft</p><br>
<p>North Bald Cap 2,893 ft</p><br>
<p>Bald Cap 3,065 ft</p><br>
<p>Bald Cap Peak 2,785 ft</p><br>
<p>Cascade Mountain 2,631 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Hayes 2,555 ft</p><br>
<p>The Usk Reservoir is located in the upper Usk Valley, at 1,050 ft above sea level, and is located in the counties of Carmarthenshire and Powys, in southern Wales. The boundary between the counties runs through the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is situated in part of the Brecon Beacons National Park. It is situated to the western end of the park, sitting below the Black Mountain (range), and most of the summits in the range are visible from the reservoir, especially (from left to right in the image) Fan Hir, Fan Brycheiniog, Fan Foel, Picws Du and Waun Lefrith. It lies about six miles to the north of the centre of the escarpment at Fan Foel, and is an important landmark for walkers on the mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1955 by Swansea City Council, the dam is approximately 100 ft (30m) in height and 1600 ft (480m) in width. It was the first example in the UK of an earth dam with horizontal drainage blankets. The reservoir covers some 280 acre of land. It can be located just off the minor road between Trecastle and Llanddeusant, 7 mi west of Sennybridge. The reservoir is now owned by Welsh Water and the surrounding woods by Natural Resources Wales. Most of the area is open to walkers and cyclists via forest tracks and other footpaths. There are several small car parks for visitors. The reservoir is stocked with fresh water fish such as trout and can be fished with an appropriate licence.</p><br>
<p>Hilton Village is a planned, English-village-style neighborhood in Newport News, Virginia. Recognized as a pioneering development in urban planning, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The neighborhood was built between 1918 and 1921 in response to the need for housing during World War I for employees of Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company. It is recognized as the United States&#39; first Federal war-housing project.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>The planned community was jointly sponsored by the USA Shipping Board and the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. It was built on the site of J. Pembroke Jones&#39; farm "Hilton."</p><br>
<p>Hilton Village was opened July 7, 1918. The street names in the 100 acre tract of former pine woods honor government and shipyard officials. The 500 English village-type houses were sold to private owners after the war.</p><br>
<h3>Impetus for creation</h3><br>
<p>In 1917, during World War I, the war effort was in full swing. Newport News Shipbuilding had many contracts to build naval ships and was hiring thousands of employees. Shipyard workers were being housed in overcrowded and/or temporary quarters The emerging community of Newport News faced a severe housing shortage. This led to the construction of Hilton Village. The housing shortage was so severe that Newport News Shipbuilding president Homer L. Ferguson traveled to Washington to emphasize to Congress the impact of lack of housing on ship construction, and thus the war effort. Immediately after his appearance, the United States Shipping Board was provided funding of $1.2 million and authorization to create a comprehensive emergency housing program. Hilton Village was the first project of the emergency housing program.</p><br>
<h3>Planning</h3><br>
<p>About three miles (5 km) north of the Newport News city limits, in Warwick County, Virginia, land known locally as the "Darling Tract" was purchased. This consisted of about 200 acre of woodlands and, located on a bluff overlooking the James River, the pre-Civil War homestead was named "Hilton". The planning for Hilton Village was conducted using a team approach, highly innovative for the time. Initially landscape architect Henry Vincent Hubbard was hired as town planner, Joseph D. Leland, III as architect and Francis H. Bulot as sanitary engineer. Leland was unable to finish the assignment because of other obligations, and Francis Y. Joannes was hired as the architect to work on the Project. The planners met with the wives of shipyard workers. Based on their input, 14 house plans were designed for the projected 500 English-village-style homes.</p><br>
<p>The location of the neighborhood was several miles away from the urbanized areas of Newport News. Trolley car tracks were run from the city to Hilton Village to allow workers to commute to work at Newport News Shipbuilding and residents access to city services and shopping. The village-style neighborhood was planned so as to offer many services locally. Plots for four churches, a library, a fire house, commercial spaces, and a school, Hilton Elementary School, were provided for in the plan. The houses and services were grouped together in close proximity to allow for easy walking distances. For recreational purposes, the Hilton Pier and ravine, containing a small park, beach and fishing pier, on the banks of the James River were included in the plan directly behind Hilton Elementary.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>Hilton was modeled after an early-English village, a decision which was probably influenced by the British Garden city movement in vogue at the time. The major architectural themes of the houses where Jacobethan, Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Colonial Revival. The houses range from one-and-a-half to two-and-a-half stories, with fourteen major variations of house style. The house types were scattered at random throughout the neighborhood, so that there is no tract house feeling to the neighborhood. Further variations on the fourteen styles was achieved by sheathing variously in stucco, shingles, or clapboards. All of the houses are wood-frame construction with steeply pitched slate roofs. Roofing styles are varied as well and include gambrel, hipped, clipped gambrel, gable, and clipped gable.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Clearing the wooded site began on April 18, 1918. By the time of the Armistice in November 1918, almost 200 homes had either been completed or were substantially complete and more than a dozen families lived in Hilton Village. Hilton’s formal dedication was held on July 7, 1918. The Hilton Elementary School was completed in 1919. Scaled back to 473 homes after the end of World War I, by the end of 1920 all the homes had been completed and were occupied.</p><br>
<h3>Costs</h3><br>
<p>The cost estimate for site development and building each house was $3,200.</p><br>
<h3>Post-War to Present</h3><br>
<p>In 1921, Hilton Village was purchased from the United States Shipping Board by Henry E. Huntington, chairman of the board at Newport News Shipbuilding. He formed the Newport News Land Company, which ran Hilton as an adjunct of the company. In 1922, many of the houses were put up for private sale, and Hilton Village gradually became a community of homeowners.</p><br>
<h3>Streets named after shipyard and government officials</h3><br>
<p>Of the currently laid out streets in Hilton Village, Hopkins Street, Ferguson Avenue and Post Street are named after three of the earlier past Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company Presidents:</p><br>
<p>Walter A. Post - Mar. 9, 1911 to Feb. 12, 1912, earlier, a builder of the C&O Railway&#39;s terminals and first mayor of Newport News</p><br>
<p>Albert L. Hopkins - Mar. 14, 1914 to May 7, 1915, the young New Yorker who was traveling to England on the on shipyard business when he died after the ship was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat</p><br>
<p>Homer L. Ferguson - Jul. 22, 1915 to Jul. 31, 1946 A manager when Hopkins died, Ferguson, who assumed the presidency when Hopkins was killed, saw the company through both world wars, became a noted community leader, and was a co-founder of the Mariners&#39; Museum with Archer M. Huntington, stepson of shipyard founder Collis P. Huntington.</p><br>
<h3>Listing on National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>To build the new village, the USA Shipping Board hired one of the finest urban planners of the era, Henry Vincent Hubbard of Harvard University. Recognized as a pioneering development in the area of urban planning, Hilton Village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h3>Historic Marker</h3><br>
<p>The text of the historical marker that appears on Warwick Boulevard in Hilton Village reads as follows:</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>William Styron, noted author</p><br>
<p>J. J. Lankes, illustrator, woodcut artist and college professor</p><br>
<p>Gary Hudson, actor</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Gary Hudson....link..IMDB.COM</p><br>
<p>Til Barsip or Til Barsib  is an ancient site situated in Aleppo Governorate, Syria by the Euphrates river about 20 kilometers south of ancient Carchemish.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was inhabited as early as the Neolithic period, but it is the remains of the Iron Age city which is the most important settlement at Tell Ahmar. It was known in Hittite as Masuwari. The city remained largely Neo-Hittite up to its conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 856 BC and the Luwian language was used even after that. Til Barsip was in the area of the Aramean-speaking Syro-Hittite state of Bît Adini. After being captured by the Assyrians the city was then renamed as Kar-Šulmānu-ašarēdu, after the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III, though its original name continued in use. It became a prominent center for the Assyrian administration of the region due to its strategic location at a crossing of the Euphrates river.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The tell was first examined by David George Hogarth, who proposed the identification as Til Barsip.</p><br>
<p>The site was visited in 1909 by Gertrude Lowthian Bell who also took squeezes from some of the inscriptions there.</p><br>
<p>The site of Tell Ahmar was excavated by the French archaeologist François Thureau-Dangin from 1929 to 1931.</p><br>
<p>He uncovered the Iron Age city and an Early Bronze Age hypogeum burial with a large amount of pottery. Three important steles were also discovered at the site. These record how the 8th century BC Aramean king Bar Ga&#39;yah, who may be identical with the Assyrian governor Shamshi-ilu, made a treaty with the city of Arpad. Recent excavations at Tell Ahmar were conducted by Guy Bunnens from the University of Melbourne in the late 1980s and through to the present.</p><br>
<p>Many ivory carvings of outstanding quality were discovered and these were published in 1997. Current excavations are under the auspices of the University of Liège, Belgium.</p><br>
<h3>Ahmar/Qubbah stele</h3><br>
<p>Among the early Iron Age monuments discovered in the area was a particularly well-preserved stele known as the Ahmar/Qubbah stele, inscribed in Luwian, which commemorates a military campaign by king Hamiyatas of Masuwari around 900 BC. The stele also attests to the continued cult of the deity Tarhunzas of the Army, whom Hamiyatas is thought to have linked with Tarhunzas of Heaven and with the Storm-God of Aleppo.</p><br>
<p>This stele also indicates that the first king of Masuwari was named Hapatila, which may represent an old Hurrian name Hepa-tilla.</p><br>
<p>Arslan Tash , ancient Hadātu, is an archaeological site in Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, around 30 km east of the Euphrates and nearby the town of Kobanî.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city was the center of an Aramean Iron Age kingdom, which was conquered by Assyria in the 9th century BC. The site includes a Late Assyrian palace, an early shrine to Ishtar and a Hellenistic temple, surrounded by city walls and gates adorned with lions carved from stone.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The site of Arslan Tash was first examined in 1836 by an expedition</p><br>
<p>led by Francis Rawdon Chesney.</p><br>
<p>The first actual excavations were conducted by the French archaeologist François Thureau-Dangin for the Louvre Museum in two short seasons during 1928.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 and 2008 work at the site resumed when surveys were conducted by a team from University of Bologna and Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums of the Syrian Arab Republic. The team was led by Anas al-Khabour and Serena Maria Cecchini. Each season lasted about a week, with the later one including geophysical work.</p><br>
<h3>Gateway reliefs</h3><br>
<p>The Arslan Tash reliefs are bas-reliefs of people and animals on the gates of the city and temple. The dating of the reliefs is uncertain, though one contains an inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III of the Neo-Assyrian Empire</p><br>
<p>In February 2015, in the Syrian city of Raqqa, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) publicly ordered the bulldozing of a colossal ancient Assyrian gateway lion sculpture from the 8th century BC. Another lion statue was also destroyed. Both statues originated from the Arslan Tash archaeological site. The destruction was published in the ISIL magazine, Dabiq.</p><br>
<h3>Smaller items</h3><br>
<p>The most important discoveries from Arslan Tash were, however, the ivory objects of high artistic quality which today are kept at the Archaeological Museum in Aleppo and in the Louvre.</p><br>
<p>The Arslan Tash amulets are smaller pieces whose authenticity is disputed.</p><br>
<p>The Pepacton Reservoir, also known as the Downsville Reservoir or the Downsville Dam, is a reservoir in Delaware County, New York that was formed by impounding over ¼ of the East Branch of the Delaware River. New York City purchased the valley in 1942, displacing 974 people, destroying four towns , and submerging nearly ½ of the Delaware and Northern Railroad in the process. The dam, located at Downsville, was finished in 1954, and the flooding was completed in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Peapackton is a Lenape Native American term meaning "marriage of the waters".</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is 12 mi south of the village of Delhi and is 101 mi northwest of New York City. The reservoir is a narrow, winding reservoir that is 15 mi long and about 0.7 mi across at its widest point. The reservoir contains 430,256 acre.ft of water at full capacity, and is over 160 ft deep at maximum. This makes it NYC&#39;s biggest reservoir by volume.</p><br>
<p>The Pepacton Reservoir supplies New York City with nearly 25% of its drinking water. The water flows through the reservoir, and then empties into the 25.5 mi East Delaware Tunnel near the former site of Pepacton. The water travels through the aqueduct into the Rondout Reservoir, and empties into the 85 mi Delaware Aqueduct. The water then flows into the Kensico Reservoir just north of The Bronx.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is a significant factor in the local economy of Downsville, New York, as thousands of tourists travel to Downsville each year to fish for trout. No motor boats are allowed on the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Holy Rood Cemetery is located at 2126 Wisconsin Avenue NW at the southern end of the Glover Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It stands at one of the highest elevations in Washington, D.C. and has memorable views. Holy Rood Cemetery contains approximately 7,000 graves, including as many as 1,000 free and enslaved African Americans, and may be the best-documented slave burial ground in the District of Columbia. At the western edge of the cemetery is the grave of Joseph Nevitt, a veteran of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>Originally named Trinity Church Upper Grave Yard, the cemetery was established by Holy Trinity Catholic Church in 1832, and enlarged between 1850 and 1870. The cemetery walls were torn down in 1901 and new ones erected, and a large number of trees cut down to prevent roots from dislocating memorials and limbs from damaging monuments during storms. The cemetery was active from the mid-nineteenth century into the early twentieth century, and a few burials took place as late as the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is owned by Georgetown University. In the 1980s, the university explored the possibility of disinterring the bodies buried there so that the land could be put to other uses, but was blocked by a legal action brought by the remaining holders of burial rights. The cemetery reflects years of disuse and neglect. Many of the tombstones are toppled, damaged or overgrown, and grass grows up through large cracks in the asphalt walkway leading through it.</p><br>
<p>Fly Geyser, also known as Fly Ranch Geyser is a small geothermal geyser located on private land in Washoe County, Nevada approximately 20 mi north of Gerlach. Fly Geyser is located near the edge of Fly Reservoir in the Hualapai Geothermal Flats and is approximately 5 ft high, by 12 ft wide, counting the mound on which it sits. In June 2016, the non-profit Burning Man Project announced that they had purchased the Fly Ranch, including the geyser for $6.5 million. The Burning Man Project is planning to provide controlled access to the property in the future and is asking for donations to move the project forward.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Fly Geyser is located on the private Fly Ranch in Hualapai Flat, about 0.3 mi from State Route 34.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The source of the Fly Geyser field&#39;s heat is attributed to a very deep pool of hot rock where tectonic rifting and faulting are common. Fly Geyser was accidentally created during well drilling in 1964 while exploring for sources of geothermal energy. The well may not have been capped correctly, or left unplugged, but either way, dissolved minerals started rising and accumulating, creating the travertine mound on which the geyser sits and continues growing. Water is constantly released, reaching 5 ft in the air. The geyser contains several terraces discharging water into 30 to 40 pools over an area of 74 acre. The geyser is made up of a series of different minerals, but its brilliant colors are due to thermophilic algae.</p><br>
<h2>Other local geysers</h2><br>
<p>A prior well-drilling attempt in 1917 resulted in the creation of a geyser close to the currently active Fly Geyser; it created a pillar of calcium carbonate about 12 ft tall, but ceased when the Fly Geyser began releasing water in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Two additional geysers in the area were created in a similar way and continue to grow. The first geyser is approximately 3 ft and is shaped like a miniature volcano; the second is cone-shaped and is about 5 ft.</p><br>
<p>Poulaphouca, officially Pollaphuca , is the name of a waterfall and bridge on the River Liffey between County Wicklow and County Kildare. It is primarily known for its hydroelectric generating station and artificial lake, known as Poulaphouca Reservoir, Poulaphouca Lake, or Blessington Lake. The once famous Poulaphouca Waterfall has little water running over it any longer because of the hydroelectric project.</p><br>
<h2>Poulaphouca Waterfall and Bridge</h2><br>
<p>on Noble & Keenan&#39;s map of 1752, is depicted and described in the Post-Chaise Companion of 1786, when Ballymore parish was still within Dublin:</p><br>
<p>Both Pollaphuca and a second bridge crossing a dry gorge 150m to the southwest, were designed by Alexander Nimmo in Gothic style and built between 1822 and 1827 for a total cost of £4,704. Poulaphouca Bridge replaced Horsepass Bridge to the northeast, now under Poulaphouca Reservoir. Wright&#39;s Guide to the County of Wicklow describes the bridge and waterfall in 1827:</p><br>
<h2>Railroad</h2><br>
<p>A four and a half mile extension of the Dublin and Blessington Steam Tramway terminating at Poulaphouca, built by the Blessington and Poulaphouca Steam Tramway, opened on May 1, 1895 and closed in 1932. The ticket office survives as a private residence immediately northeast of the bridge on the N81 road.</p><br>
<p>Perry Lake is a US Army Corps of Engineers operated reservoir in northeast Kansas. Its primary purposes are flood control, water reserve for nearby areas and regional recreation. The lake is approximately 11,150 acres  in size, with over 160 miles of shoreline. Perry Lake&#39;s full multi-purpose pool elevation is 891.5 feet above sea level. Perry Lake is located about 40 miles west of Kansas City, just northwest of Lawrence, Kansas. Its close proximity to Kansas City, Lawrence, and the state capitol, Topeka, make it a very popular destination, with the nickname "Paradise on the Plains".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The dam was constructed on the Delaware River to help control flooding downstream in both the Delaware and Kansas rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Perry Lake is located at 39&deg;10&prime;38&Prime;N latitude, 95&deg;27&prime;06&Prime;W longitude (39.1773424, -95.4516964) at an elevation of 892 ft. The entirety of the reservoir lies within Jefferson County.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its southern end by Perry Dam. The dam is located at 39&deg;06&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 95&deg;25&prime;31&Prime;W longitude (39.1138886, -95.4252525) at an elevation of 942 ft. The Delaware River is both the reservoir&#39;s primary inflow from the north and outflow to the south. Smaller tributaries include Duck Creek, French Creek, and Rock Creek from the west and Little Slough Creek, Slough Creek, and Evans Creek from the east.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 24 runs generally east-west approximately 2 mi south of the dam. Kansas Highway 237 runs generally north-south from USA 24 into Perry State Park. Kansas Highway 92, which runs east-west, crosses the northern portion of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Several settlements lie on or near the reservoir. The largest is its namesake, the community of Perry, located on the Delaware River a few miles south of the dam. Ozawkie lies on the western shore at the lake&#39;s northern end. To the east and south of Ozawkie, a number of unincorporated communities lie on both sides of the lake. In order from north to south, these are: Lake Shore, Lakewood Hills, and Lakeside Village on the eastern shore and Indian Ridge, West Shore, Hilldale, Hilldale South, Lake Ridge, and Hickory Acres on the western shore. Thompsonville lies immediately south of the lake at the west end of the dam.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions. In terms of capacity, the Corps of Engineers vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and the reservoir is considered full when filled to the capacity of its multi-purpose pool. When full, Perry Lake has a surface area of 11,146 acres, a surface elevation of 892 ft, and a volume of 209,513 acre-ft. When filled to maximum capacity, it has a surface area of 42,656 acres, a surface elevation of 941 ft, and a volume of 1,417,683 acre-ft.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 826 ft. Since the reservoir&#39;s initial flooding, sedimentation has gradually accumulated on the reservoir bottom thus raising its elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Perry State Park, located along the southwest part of Perry Lake, offers a wide variety of water recreation and outdoor activities:</p><br>
<p>Boating: Boats and personal watercraft of all types are allowed. No limits are placed on horsepower, however boaters must follow all applicable state laws. Three marinas and multiple boat launch ramps are available around Perry Lake.</p><br>
<p>Camping: The Army Corps of Engineers Slough Creek Campground offers 265 campsites in a mix of walk-in tent sites, sites with full electrical and water hookup, and two large designated group campsites. Perry State Park offers a further 102 campsites with full utility hookups and over 200 primitive campsites. Cabin rentals are also available from the state park.</p><br>
<p>Equestrian activities: Perry State Park and the public use Corps of Engineers land has over 25 miles of horse trails for exploration. Primitive camping is allowed at select locations along the trails.</p><br>
<p>Fishing: Bassmaster.com has named Perry Lake one of America&#39;s 100 best bass lakes. In addition to the white bass and largemouth bass, many other species of fish are also available to anglers including bluegill, channel catfish, crappie, sauger, and walleye.</p><br>
<p>Hike/Bike trails: Nine bike trails of varying length and difficulty are provided. The Perry Lake Trail system for hikers has been nationally recognized.</p><br>
<p>Sashegy  is a hill and neighbourhood in Budapest, Hungary. It is a green, upper middle class area in Buda with expensive family homes. Administratively Sashegy is divided between the 11th and the 12th districts of Budapest.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>The streets on Google Maps</p><br>
<p>Near view on Google</p><br>
<p>The borders of Sashegy are: Hegyalja út from Dayka Gábor utca - Kálló esperes utca - Hegyalja út - Budaörsi út - Brassó út - Dayka Gábor utca until Hegyalja út.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The present-day name was given to the hill in 1847 when the geographical features of the Buda Hills were renamed by the initiative of Hungarian philologist Gábor Döbrentei. Sashegy is the translation of the former German name, Adlerberg. According to a popular legend a parade was held on 2 September 1686 by the victorious Christian armies after capturing Buda Castle from the Ottoman Turks. During the parade eagles flew from the hill nearby towards the castle.</p><br>
<p>Medieval Hungarian names were also recorded. At first the hill was called Királyhegy (lit. Kings Hill) in the 13th century because Hungarian kings usually took a rest here during hunting trips. Later it became a church property under the names Paphegy, Baráthegy or Istenhegy (lit. Parsons Hill, Friars Hill or Gods Hill). The Ottomans called the hill Muhanek in the 16th and 17th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the Ottoman occupation vineyards were planted on the lower slopes of the hill. German colonists played an important part in the rebirth of viticulture in the Buda Hills. During the 18-19th centuries Adlerberg, as it was then called, was part of the Buda-Sashegy Wine Region. According to the 1789 land register of Buda the vineyards on Adlerberg covered 0,6 km². The Buda-Sashegyi Kadarka wine, made from Black Kadarka, earned a reputation throughout Europe. The vineyards of Sashegy were destroyed in 1890 by the phylloxera. After the plague viticulture was supplanted by the production of stone-fruits. The lower slopes were planted with orchards, mainly peach-trees, while the rocky upper areas of the hill remained barren all times.</p><br>
<p>In the beginning of the 20th century a military complex was built at the foot of the hill (now Petőfi Barracks). The first great building on the hill itself was the college of the Congregation of Notre Dame de Sion, established in 1930. Suburbanization only began in the 1940s and 1950s when family homes were built in place of the old orchards. In 1944 concrete bunkers were built on the top of the hill, and many new villas were destroyed during the siege of Budapest in 1944-45. The present stock of houses mainly comes from the last decades of the 20th century. The natural upper areas were preserved with the establishment of the nature reserve in 1958. According to the 1990 census Sashegy had 9030 inhabitants (7969 in the 11th and 1061 in the 12th district part).</p><br>
<h2>Streets</h2><br>
<p>The process of suburbanization was accelerated by designation of new streets across the neighbourhood. The main roads around foot of the hill followed much older pathways like the old Sashegyi út (now Hegyalja út) which connected the valley under Gellért Hill with Farkasrét.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the new streets were established in the period between 1928 and 1941. The most important among them was Miasszonyunk útja (now Meredek utca), leading towards the college, in 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>The only school in the neighbourhood is Arany János Elementary and Secondary School (1 Meredek utca, 12th District). The huge, yellow Neo-Baroque building on the hillside was built in 1930 by the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion. It was originally a college of girls with French as the language of education. The school was secularized after the Communist takeover in 1948. The Arany János Elementary and Secondary School was established in 1954.</p><br>
<h2>Nature Reserve</h2><br>
<p>The Sas-hegy Nature Reserve belongs to the Danube-Ipoly National Park. The 30 acre area on the top of the hill was placed under protection in 1958. It was one of the first nature reserves of Hungary, protecting the limestone landscape and its special flora and fauna. The top of the hill is 257 m high and offers a breathtaking panorama towards Buda Castle, Gellért Hill and the districts of Buda. The park service maintains a visitor center and a 2350 m long circular trail, displaying the most important natural features of the reserve.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor River is a 10.6 mi long river located in southeastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Hampton River, a tidal inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately two miles of the Taylor River are tidal.</p><br>
<p>The river rises on the border between Hampton Falls and Kensington, New Hampshire. It follows a winding course north, then east, then southeast through the rolling lowlands of Hampton Falls, reaching tidewater at a dam and fish ladder where Interstate 95 crosses the river. For the lower four miles of the river, it forms the boundary between Hampton Falls and Hampton, New Hampshire. The freshwater portion of the river is an active recreation area for summer fishing, kayaking and canoeing. Ice fishing and cross country skiing are also pastimes here. The dam was built in the 1950s in order to construct Interstate 95 and is owned by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Taylor River was named for Anthony Taylor, one of the founders of Hampton, New Hampshire. Born in England between 1607 and 1611, he arrived in America, with his wife Phillipa, on the Anne and Elizabeth in 1635. Thereafter a lifelong resident of Hampton, he “became a valuable and leading man” by virtue of his heavy involvement with local government. Taylor was a feltmaker but was also a tavern keeper, constable, and performed many other functions in the Hampton area. Anthony Taylor died in Hampton on November 4, 1687, at the age of 80. He was preceded in death by his Phillipa who also died in Hampton on September 20, 1683. Anthony and Phillipa are thought to be the oldest known Taylors in America and have descendants spread across the North and South American continents.</p><br>
<p>The Piscassic River is a 15.3 mi long river located in southeastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Lamprey River, part of the Great Bay and Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The river rises in the northeast corner of Fremont and flows east across flat, swampy terrain through the town of Epping. Upon reaching the town of Newfields, where it is joined by the Fresh River, the river turns northeast and winds through rolling terrain to Newmarket, where it reaches the Lamprey River. The Fresh River joins the Piscassic just upstream from the Piscassic Ice Pond in a marshy area of beaver ponds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lower part of the Piscassic River was once used as a canal between Neals Mills in Newfields and the mouth of the Piscassic at the Lamprey River. A small pond which was used to unload and turn barges is located at the base of a rapids just downstream from the ruins of Neals Mills, between Piscassic Road bridge and the B&M railroad bridge in Newfields. A mule track runs along the northwest bank of the Piscassic downstream from the turning pond.</p><br>
<p>A small dam just upstream from the Piscassic Road Bridge forms the Piscassic Ice Pond. A wooden icehouse once stood adjacent to the ice pond, just east of the dam. It had a wooden and iron conveyor leading from the pond to a point a door about 15 feet above the ground. In the early 1900s the ice on the pond was often 18 inches thick. Harvesting crews used large saws to cut ice into 3–4-foot swaths. Teams of horses shod with ice shoes were used to extract and haul the ice to the conveyor. The icehouse had about 2–3 feet inner walls filled with insulating sawdust. The icehouse rotted and fell down in the 1950s and little if anything remains of it today.</p><br>
<p>Buise was one of the East Frisian Islands off the North Sea coast of Germany that was almost entirely engulfed by the sea in the second half of the 17th century. The only remaining part is the eastern end, known today as the island of Norderney. Buise itself was formed by the breakup of a bigger island. Two possible origins are mentioned: the breakup of the island Burchana in the flood of 1219, and the breakup of the island Bant in 1170, which also formed Juist, Borkum and Memmert.</p><br>
<p>Buise broke up in two parts in 1362. The eastern part was called Osterende initially, and later "Norder neye Oog" (Nordens New Island), and today is the island Norderney. The western part disappeared slowly over the ages as a result of erosion, but sources do not agree on the exact date of the disappearance of Buise (the St. Peter&#39;s Flood of 1651 or 1690).</p><br>
<p>Lake Asveja or Dubingiai Lake  is the longest lake in Lithuania . It covers 9.78 km² area and reaches a depth of 50.2m which makes it the third deepest lake in Lithuania. It lies partly in Molėtai district, Švenčionys district and Vilnius district. The alternative name comes from the historical Dubingiai Castle, constructed on the former island, and the small town of Dubingiai situated on the lake. The town is a popular tourist destination. Žeimena River flows south of the lake and people rent boats or kayaks to go down the river to the Neris River.</p><br>
<p>The lake formed when water flowed under the melting icecaps during the last glacial period. Such lakes are similar to rivers: they are long, narrow (the greatest width of Asveja is only 880 m.), and deep. Other such lakes in Lithuania include Tauragnas, Sartai and Aisetas. In 1992 Asveja Regional Park was established to protect the ecosystem and landscape.</p><br>
<p>One of the curiosities is a wooden bridge across the lake. It was built in 1934 and is still in use. President Antanas Smetona participated in the opening of the first bridge across a lake in Lithuania. The bridge is 84 m in length; the lake is up to 15 m in depth at that point.</p><br>
<p>Mount Russell is a peak in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the USA state of California, about 0.8 mi north of Mount Whitney. It rises to an elevation of 14,094 ft and is the seventh-highest peak in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Russell is located on the Sierra Crest, which in this area marks the boundary between the John Muir Wilderness, the Inyo National Forest and Sequoia National Park; and the boundary between Inyo County and Tulare County. It rises just southwest of Tulainyo Lake, one of the highest and largest of the high alpine lakes of the southern Sierra.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Peak was named for Israel Cook Russell, an American geologist who was a member of the Wheeler Survey and who was best known for his explorations in Alaska.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The first ascent of Mount Russell was on June 24, 1926 by famed Sierra mountaineer Norman Clyde. It offers climbers at least a dozen routes, from multiple scrambling routes (class 3) to a serious technical route (Grade IV, 5.10).</p><br>
<p>Mount Russell sees far less traffic than its much more famous neighbor Mount Whitney. However, since its southern and eastern slopes fall in the Mount Whitney Zone of the Inyo National Forest, these approaches are governed by stricter access limits. From May to October, only ten people per day are permitted to enter the North Fork of Lone Pine Creek for overnight use. Day-use climbers are grouped with the Whitney Main Trail day-use quota. This puts climbers on Russells most common approaches in competition with climbers on Whitneys popular Mountaineer&#39;s Route, and also with the Main Trail users.</p><br>
<p>Split Mountain is a fourteener in the Sierra Nevada of the USA state of California, near the southeast end of the Palisades group of peaks. It is the only fourteener in the watershed of the South Fork Kings River, and rises to 14,064 ft,</p><br>
<h2>Geography and Geology</h2><br>
<p>Split Mountain&#39;s twin summits lie on a north-south running section of the Sierra crest. This same line of ridges divides Fresno County and Kings Canyon National Park to the west, from Inyo County and the Inyo National Forest to the east. The water divide of its ridges drain to the Kings River to the west, and the Owens River to the east.</p><br>
<p>The two toned appearance of the mountain&#39;s eastern face is created by a roof pendant of darker colored granodiorite atop a lighter colored body of leucogranite.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Split Mountain, inspired by the shape of its double summit, was first coined by mountaineer Bolton Brown in 1895. Alternately, it has been called Southeast Palisade or South Palisade.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Split Mountain is one of the easier California fourteeners to climb. The least technical route is the class 2 north slope, which can be approached from the west or east. Joseph LeConte, Helen LeConte and Curtis Lindley took the simple western approach from Upper Basin when they climbed Split Mountain on July 23, 1902. A more common route to the north face is from the east, by way of Red Lake. Starting at the Red Lake trailhead, this trail covers 6 mi with 4,000 ft of elevation gain one way to the lake. From here, another 3,500 ft of cross-country climbing, including a short class 3 ridge traverse, leads to the summit.</p><br>
<p>There are many more technical routes up both the north and south peaks of Split Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tyndall is a peak in the Mount Whitney region of the Sierra Nevada in the USA state of California. It rises to 14,025 ft, and is the tenth highest peak in the state. The mountain was named in honor of the Irish scientist and mountaineer, John Tyndall.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Tyndall lies on the Sierra Crest, which in this region forms the boundary between the John Muir Wilderness and the Inyo National Forest on the east, and Sequoia National Park on the west; and the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties. Mount Tyndall is 1.5 mi west of the higher Mount Williamson, and about 6 mi north-northeast of Mount Whitney.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tyndall was first climbed on July 6, 1864 by Clarence King and Richard Cotter who were members of the California Geological Survey and under the overall direction of Josiah Whitney and the field leadership of William Brewer. King and Cotter were attempting to make the first ascent of Mount Whitney, and had made a long trek from Kings Canyon, only to realize months later that they had climbed the wrong peak.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing routes</h2><br>
<p>The easiest route on Mount Tyndall in terms of access and climbing is the Northwest Ridge, which involves an easy scramble. It begins about one half mile (0.8 km.) west of Shepherd Pass and about 1 mi north of the peak. Other non-technical routes exist on the gently sloped west side of the peak. At least two significant technical routes lie on the much steeper east face; the first of these routes was climbed by noted mountaineer Fred Beckey and Charlie Raymond in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Es Vedrà is a small rocky island of the south western seaboard off the Spanish island of Ibiza. The island, which is 413 metres tall, is part of the Cala d’Hort nature reserve and lies 1.5423 mi of the coast at Cala d’Hort, which is in the municipality of Sant Josep de sa Talaia. The island is uninhabited.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Es Vedrà consists predominantly of mesozoic limestone, and contrary to the esoteric urban myth of being a special magnetic place, has no (magnetic) metal accumulations. The island we see today is as a result of a geological tumble. 155 million years ago, continuous seismic movements in the earths crust caused great shifts in the Betica Mountain Range. Eventually this caused the splitting of the range resulting in the formation of the Balearic Islands. Continued movement of the ridge which formed the islands caused portions to sheer and split away from the islands. Es Vedrà, along with the satellite island of Illa Vedranell and the Illa Tagomago, are examples of this action.</p><br>
<h2>Habitation</h2><br>
<p>The island has no human inhabitants, although in 1855 a Carmelite Friar by the name of Francis Palau y Quer once lived here for a short time following his exile from Catalonia. The only inhabitants were a sub-species of wild goat but these were slaughtered by the local government in 2016 to protect the fauna of the island. There is also a sub-species of the Ibizan wall lizard on the island. It is also home to a colony of the endangered bird of prey called Eleonora&#39;s falcon.</p><br>
<h2>Legends and mythology</h2><br>
<p>The island is said to be home to sirens and sea-nymphs, who tried to lure Odysseus from his ship in Homer’s Odyssey. It is also thought of as the holy island of the Tanit the Phoenician lunar goddess, worshiped as the patron goddess and of fertility, who became Ibiza’s patroness. Legend has it that specific sacrifices were made to Tanit during full moons on the shore of the island.</p><br>
<h3>The Giant of Es Vedrà</h3><br>
<p>Es Vedrà is also the setting for one of Ibiza’s popular fables (Rondalles). Es Gegant des Vedrà (The Giant of Es Vedrà) is the tale about two brothers who, to cure their father of an incurable illness, had to go to Es Vedrà island to gather rock samphire and face the huge giant who lived on the island, huddled in one of the island&#39;s many caves. The two brothers’ ingenuity, along with the help of sea urchins, managed to debilitate the giant, and thus collect the samphire for the cure.</p><br>
<h3>UFOs</h3><br>
<p>Many people have claimed to have seen UFOs around the island and some believe that there is a secret UFO base under the sea here, and that Es Vedrà is their gateway or navigation beacon. One such sighting is famously known as Caso Manises. On November 11, 1979 a commercial flight between Mallorca and Tenerife was redirected to make an emergency landing in Valencia. The pilot reported a strange rapid moving light accosting his aircraft close to the island of Es Vedrà. He sent out an SOS signal and as the air traffic controller was unable to identify the object he was urged to change his flight path.</p><br>
<h3>Francis Palau y Quer</h3><br>
<p>The Carmelite friar Francis Palau y Quer arrived on Ibiza following his exile from Barcelona in 1855. Needing solitude, he used to retire to Es Vedrà by rowing a boat, to pray there and seek God&#39;s will. Legend says that he spent a week meditating surviving on nothing but rainwater he collected from drips from the roof of a cave he used for shelter. Within hours, he began to witness a series of powerful visions. He later described them in a book, called My Relations With the church</p><br>
<p>He started to write Mis Relaciones Con la Iglesia (My Relations With the Church), a sort of autobiographical journal, partly written in the idyllic solitude of Es Vedrà, transmitting his experience of the Church conceived as God and neighbors. Fr. Francisco Palau, O.C.D. was beatified in Rome by Pope John Paul II on April 24, 1988. His liturgical feast day is commemorated on November 7.</p><br>
<h2>Es Vedrà in Popular Culture</h2><br>
<p>The island was used in some shots as the mystical island of Bali Hai in the Hollywood musical South Pacific</p><br>
<p>The island appears on the front cover of Mike Oldfield’s 1996 LP Voyager</p><br>
<p>The first track on the CD compilation, by DJ Tiësto called "In Search of Sunrise 6: Ibiza", is by Es Vedrà ("La Hacienda")</p><br>
<p>Es Vedrà features in the background of a scene in the music video of Reflekt&#39;s "Need To Feel Loved"</p><br>
<p>DJ and trance producers Aly & Fila collaborated with The Thrillseekers to produce a trance song named after this island; Es Vedrà</p><br>
<p>The Grande Île is an island that lies at the historic centre of the city of Strasbourg in France. Its name means "Large Island", and derives from the fact that it is surrounded on one side by the main channel of the Ill River and on the other side by the Canal du Faux-Rempart, a canalised arm of that river. Grand Île was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. At the time, the International Council on Monuments and Sites noted that Grand Île is "an old quarter that exemplifies medieval cities".</p><br>
<p>Grande Île is sometimes referred to as "ellipse insulaire" because of its shape. It measures some 1.25 km by 0.75 km at its longest and broadest. At the centre of the island lies Place Kléber, the citys central square. Further south is Strasbourg Cathedral, the worlds fourth-tallest church and an ornate example of 15th-century Gothic architecture. At the western end of the island is the quarter of Petite France, the former home of the citys tanners, millers and fishermen, and now one of Strasbourgs main tourist attractions. The Grande Île also houses the former fluvial customs house Ancienne Douane.</p><br>
<p>Besides the cathedral, the Grande Île is home to four other centuries-old churches: St. Thomas, St. Pierre-le-Vieux, St. Pierre-le-Jeune, and St. Étienne. Being the historical center of Strasbourg and the seat of local secular power, it also houses the citys most imposing 18th-century hôtels particuliers and palaces, including the Palais Rohan, the Hôtel de Hanau (now the city hall), Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (birthplace of Ludwig I of Bavaria and now home to the citys military governor), Hôtel de Klinglin, Hôtel d&#39;Andlau-Klinglin, Hôtel de Neuwiller, among many others. The island is also home to the Episcopal palace of the Archdiocese of Strasbourg.</p><br>
<p>To mark Grande Île&#39;s status as a World Heritage Site, 22 brass plates were placed on the bridges giving access to the island.</p><br>
<p>Absolute cathedrale Strasbourg facade 01.jpgFront of the cathedral</p><br>
<p>Place Kléber by night.jpgPlace Kléber by night</p><br>
<p>LIll aux Lumières - rideau deau sous le Pont St Thomas.jpgL&#39;Ill aux Lumières,St Thomas bridge</p><br>
<p>Strasbourg rNuéeBleue 27e.JPGFaçade of former Hôtel d&#39;Andlau-Klinglin (1725)</p><br>
<p>Strasbourg hotHanau-Lichtenberg36.JPGEntrance to the courtyard of the city hall, former Hôtel de Hanau-Lichtenberg (1736)</p><br>
<p>Plaque Strasbourg grande île patrimoine mondial Unesco.jpgWorld heritagebrass plate</p><br>
<p>Erebuni Fortress , also known as Arin Berd , is an Urartian fortified city, located in Yerevan, Armenia. It is 1,017 m above sea level. It was one of several fortresses built along the northern Urartian border and was one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers of the vast kingdom. The name Yerevan itself is derived from Erebuni.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>On an inscription found at Karmir Blur, the verb erebu-ni is used in the sense of "to seize, pillage, steal, or kidnap" followed by a changing direct object. Scholars have conjectured that the word, as an unchanging direct object, may also mean "to take" or "to capture" and thus believe that the Erebuni at the time of its founding meant "capture", "conquest", or "victory."</p><br>
<p>The Circassian historian Amjad Jaimoukha gives an alternative etymology, however: eri (referring to the Èrs, the people living in the area) + buni. Buni comes from the Nakh root which spawned the Chechen word bun meaning shelter or cabin; the root however simply means lair or shelter. With its Indo-European roots "bun" initially derives from the Armenian word buyn (բույն) for "birds nest" or "lair". From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeuH-no-, from *bʰeuH- (“to be; to grow”). Cognates include Sanskrit भुवन (bhúvana, "world"), Albanian bun ("shepherd&#39;s hut") and Middle Persian بن bun ("bottom"). It may have spawned the word van in Armenian (a language with a strong Urartian substratum), albeit possibly through different roots (Urartian biani rather than Èr buni) which similarly means shelter. Interpreted in that way, the fortress would be the capital city of the Èr people. Van as a root is also present in numerous other placenames in historical Armenia, including the city Van, Lake Sevan, and Nakhichevan, so it is probable that the van in Yerevan is another direct translation of the root. Jaimoukha states furthermore that the name of the Èr also serves as the root for the Arax valley (the Erashki gorge) and for the Medieval Georgian name used in the Georgian Chronicles for Lake Sevan- "Lake Ereta".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Erebuni was founded by Urartian King Argishti I (r. ca. 785&ndash;753 BC) in 782 BC. It was built on top of a hill called Arin Berd overlooking the Arax River Valley to serve as a military stronghold to protect the kingdom&#39;s northern borders. It has been described as being "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital." According to Margarit Israelyan, Argishti began the construction of Erebuni after conquering the territories north of Yerevan and west of Lake Sevan, roughly corresponding to where the town of Abovyan is currently located. Accordingly, the prisoners he captured in these campaigns, both men and women, were used to help build his town.</p><br>
<p>In the autumn of 1950, an archaeological expedition led by Konstantine Hovhannisyan discovered an inscription at Arin Berd dedicated to the citys founding which was carved during Argishtis reign. Two other identical inscriptions have been found at the citadel of Erebuni. The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>Argishti left a similar inscription at the Urartian capital of Tushpa (current-day Van) as well, stating that he brought 6,600 prisoners of war from Khate and Tsupani to populate his new city. Similar to other Urartian cities of the time, it was built on a triangular plan on top of a hill and ensconced by 10 to 12 m high ramparts. Behind them, the buildings were separated by central and inner walls. The walls were built from a variety of materials, including basalt, tuff, wood and adobe. Argishti constructed a grand palace here and excavations conducted in the area have revealed that other notable buildings included a colonnaded royal assembly hall, a temple dedicated to Khaldi, a citadel, where the garrison resided, living quarters, dormitories and storerooms. The inner walls were richly decorated with murals and other wall paintings, displaying religious and secular scenes.</p><br>
<p>Successive Urartian kings made Erebuni their place of residence during their military campaigns against northern invaders and continued construction work to build up the fortress defences. Kings Sarduri II and Rusa I also utilized Erebuni as a staging site for new campaigns of conquest directed towards the north. In the early sixth century the Urartian state, under constant foreign invasion, collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The region soon fell under the control of the Achaemenian Empire. The strategic position that Erebuni occupied did not diminish, however, becoming an important center of the satrapy of Armenia.</p><br>
<p>Despite numerous invasions by successive foreign powers, the city was never truly abandoned and was continually inhabited over the following centuries, eventually branching out to become the city of Yerevan. Erebunis close affinity to Yerevan was celebrated in a splendid festival held in September 1968, commemorating Erebunis 2,750th birthday.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The site of Erebuni Fortress was atop the 65 m tall hill of Arin Berd as a strategic position overlooking the Ararat plain and the main roads leading to the citadel. It also overlooked cramped Urartian town made up of residences below at the foot of the hill.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance to the fortress was located at the more gently sloped southeastern site of the hill. It led to the central yard of the citadel. Ceremonies held by the personal guards of Argishti I and guards of the fortress garrison were held here.</p><br>
<p>In the southwest portion of the yard was a temple of the god Khaldi. The temple had a large oblong plan with a staircase that led to the roof of a ziggurat type tower and a side room on the lower floor. Surrounding the hall was a double-rowed twelve-column open portico with benches along the walls. An altar for sacrifices was located at the left wall. The walls were decorated with colorful frescoes depicting representations of human figures, gods, geometric and floral designs. One of the frescoes uncovered depicts the god Khaldi standing on a lion with a warder in his left hand and a horned crown upon his head. It is typical of other representations of Khaldi found at other sites. The floor of the temple contrasted greatly from the rest of the complex in that it had wood floors composed of small planks, compared to the clay-coated adobe floors that were faced with stone slabs found in the rest of the citadel&#39;s rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Early excavations began during the 19th century while more systematic excavations were carried out at Erebuni in 1952, under the joint sponsorship of the Armenian Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography and the Pushkin Museums Board for the Preservation and Restoration of Architectural Monuments. The team was led by Konstantine Hovhannisyan and Boris Piotrovsky, who served as an on-site adviser. In the course of the early stage of the excavations (1950&ndash;1968), Argishti&#39;s palace, the royal assembly hall, temples and over a hundred rooms were excavated. Dozens of Urartian and Achaemenian artifacts, such as pottery, earthenware, belt-buckles, bracelets, beads, drinking vessels, helmets, arrows and silver coins, were also uncovered. The fragments of murals that were uncovered were found to be decorated with important religious themes, including "processions of gods, sacred animals, and trees of life", as well as scenes of everyday life, displaying scenes of "hunting, cattle breeding, and agriculture."</p><br>
<p>Storage areas for grain, oil, and wine were also uncovered. On the doors of the storage areas inscriptions were placed at the entry doors telling the who built the storage area and the quantity of the items placed in them. One such inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>The enormous ceramic jars that held the wine and oil had markings upon them. Smaller ceramic vessels were also found in excavations and are known to have been used in brewing beer made from barley. Other much larger vessels were used for storing foods and wine. Small circular markings on the sides of these containers near the top indicated the amount that could be stored inside. The larger of the vessels were usually buried half-way into the soil which naturally kept the contents cool.</p><br>
<p>Numerous cuneiform inscriptions carved on basalt have been found around the complex. Some of which are currently displayed in the museum, while others can still be found displayed on the walls.</p><br>
<p>In 1968 the Erebuni Museum of History was established. Its opening was timed to coincide with the 2750th anniversary of Yerevan. The museum houses items uncovered during the excavations at Arin Berd and Karmir Blur and gives a history of the site.</p><br>
<p>Colac Bay/Oraka is a small township situated on the bay of the same name facing Foveaux Strait, and located on the Southern Scenic Route, 10 minutes from Riverton, New Zealand. Surrounding areas include Longwood, Tihaka, Waipango, Round Hill, Wakapatu, Ruahine, Pahia and Orepuki.</p><br>
<p>The town hugs the bay, with sandy beaches, and has a popular surf spot known as Trees. It is a beach break that breaks to the left and right. The northern end of the bay is generally good for swimming.</p><br>
<p>The town has a well appointed cafe, craft shop, pub, caravan park, community hall and Marae.</p><br>
<p>The town also features a statue of a surfer riding a wave, which is popular with tourists.</p><br>
<p>The hills behind Colac are part of the Longwood Range, which were popular in early days for gold mining. Further west shale was also mined for a short time. In the gold mining days there was a significant Chinese village towards Orepuki called Canton.</p><br>
<p>Colac Bay Hill, Lake George, Howell&#39;s Hills and the Longwood Range make up the geographic landmarks. In some places Raratoka Island or Centre Island and Stewart Island/Rakiura can be seen by looking across Foveaux Strait.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The word Colac is a contraction of the name of a Maori chief Korako who lived there, being a word that the European whalers pronounced like the English word "colic", hence Kollucks and "Colacs Bay". With the passing of Section 269 and Schedule 96 of the Ngāi Tahu Claim Settlement Act 1998 Colac Bay is now officially known as Colac Bay/Oraka. The bay itself is known to the Maori as Taotao-parawa.</p><br>
<h2>Surfing</h2><br>
<p>This coastline offers midtide surfing. The Southern swell breaks cleanly at the Eastern end of the Colac Bay Foreshore Road into both left and right hand breaks. This surf spot is known by the locals as "Trees".</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Colac Bays climate, which is similar to Invercargills for its proximity, is oceanic (Cfb) in Köppen-Geiger climate classification system.</p><br>
<p>Its sea water becomes the warmest in February, at 12 -, while the coldest is in August, at 9 -.</p><br>
<p>The Kymi  is a river in Finland. It begins at Lake Päijänne, flows through the provinces of Päijänne Tavastia, Uusimaa and Kymenlaakso and discharges into the Gulf of Finland. The river passes the towns of Heinola and Kouvola. The town of Kotka is located on the river delta. The length of the river is 204 km, but its drainage basin of 37,107 km&sup2; extends to almost 600 km inside the Tavastia, Central Finland, Savonia and Ostrobothnia. The furthest source of the river is Lake Pielavesi, its furthest point being some 570 km from the sea measured by flow route. The name of the river, itself, kymi, means "large river", in Old Finnish.</p><br>
<p>Being one of the largest rivers in Southern Finland, the Kymi is a major source of hydroelectricity. The towns of Kotka, Kuusankoski, Myllykoski and Inkeroinen along the river are major centres of the pulp and paper industry. Formerly the river was extensively used for timber rafting.</p><br>
<p>The Kymijoki river has five mouths. It divides into two main branches near the Kultaankoski rapids in Kotka, about 15 km inland of the Gulf of Finland. The eastern branch splits into the Korkeakoski and Koivukoski branches, the latter branch dividing again to form two mouths (Langinkoski and Huumanhaara). The Korkeakoski branch has only one river mouth.</p><br>
<p>The western branch divides into Ahvenkoski and Klåsarö branches, each with one mouth.</p><br>
<p>The westernmost Ahvenkoski branch of the river served as a border between Sweden and Russia from 1743 to 1809. The parts of Finland east of the river were later called Old Finland. Old Finland was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812.</p><br>
<p>The Kymi is very swift: it takes three days for its waters to run from lake Pyhäjärvi to sea. Its mean depth is 9 m, and the deepest place is 29 m.</p><br>
<h2>Hydroelectric plants and rapids</h2><br>
<p>In Kymijoki, there are 12 hydroelectric plants and several dams to regulate the water level. The first power plants were built is 1882. The canal and dam at Kalkkinen is used to regulate the water level of Lake Päijänne. The Hirvivuolle Dam regulates water flow between eastern and western branches. The Paaskoski Dam near Tammijärvi regulates the flow into the Klåsarö branch and the Strömfors Dam regulates the water level of the Strömfors industrial area.</p><br>
<p>Upper and middle reaches:</p><br>
<p>Kalkkistenkoski rapids and regulating dam (Asikkala)</p><br>
<p>Jyrängönkoski rapids (Heinola)</p><br>
<p>Vuolenkoski, hydroelectric plant (Iitti)</p><br>
<p>Mankala, hydroelectric plant (Iitti)</p><br>
<p>Voikkaa, hydroelectric plant (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Pessankoski rapids (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Lappakoski rapids (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Kuusankoski, hydroelectric plant (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Keltti, hydroelectric plant (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Myllykoski, hydroelectric plant (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Anjalankoski (Ankkapurha), hydroelectric plant (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Piirteenkoski rapids (Kouvola)</p><br>
<p>Susikoski rapids (At the boundary of Kouvola and ja Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Ahvionkoski rapids area, elevation 1,9 m (At the boundary of Kouvola and Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Kultaankosket rapids, elevation 1,5 m (At the boundary of Kouvola and Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Western branch:</p><br>
<p>Hirvivuolle, regulating dam, built in 1933 (Pyhtää)</p><br>
<p>Hirvikoski rapids (Pyhtää)</p><br>
<p>Paaskoski, regulating dam, built in 1933(At the boundary of Pyhtää and Loviisa)</p><br>
<p>Klåsarö (Loosarinkoski), hydroelectric plant (Pyhtää)</p><br>
<p>Ediskoski, hydroelectric plant (Pyhtää)</p><br>
<p>Strömfors, regulating dam, built in 1965 (Loviisa)</p><br>
<p>Ahvenkoski, hydroelectric plant (At the boundary of Pyhtää and Loviisa)</p><br>
<p>Eastern branch:</p><br>
<p>Pernoonkosket rapids area, elevation 5 m (Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Laajakoski rapids (cleared away, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Koivukoski, hydroelectric plant and regulating dam (Koivukoski branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Siikakoski rapids (Koivukoski branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Kokonkoski rapids (Koivukoski branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Langinkoski rapids (Langinkoski branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Hinttulankoski rapids (Huumanhaara branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>Korkeakoski, hydroelectric plant (Korkeakoski branch, Kotka)</p><br>
<p>The Paramount Theatre in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is a 6-story brick building located in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 2015 it was included as a contributing property in the Cedar Rapids Central Business District Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The theater is a restored example of a vaudeville/movie palace of the 1920s. It was damaged by the flood of June 2008, which submerged most of downtown Cedar Rapids.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount serves as home to Orchestra Iowa, the Cedar Rapids Area Theater Organ Society, and a series of Community Concerts. It is famous for its restored Wurlitzer theater organ, which could be lifted up from below stage level when used. The Paramount is included in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount first opened on September 1, 1928, and was at the time called the Capitol Theater. For its first year, it presented a full range of comedians, singers, dancers, acrobats, movies, and audience sing-alongs; its "Mighty Wurlitzer" organ was central to much of the entertainment it provided.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 it was purchased by Paramount Pictures, and given its current name.</p><br>
<p>The theater&#39;s architectural ideal was palatial, with a "Hall of Mirrors" patterned after that in Versailles and expensive oil paintings, busts, furniture and other treasures. Most of this was removed in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration in 1970s</h2><br>
<p>The theater&#39;s website says it was "gifted" to the city of Cedar Rapids in December 1975. A 15-member commission was formed to develop it, and decided that the theater should be restored to its original state. To fund the restoration, the committee undertook a fund drive that raised $400,000 (about $1.75 million in 2008 dollars) from businesses and individuals. No tax revenues were used.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation in 2000s</h2><br>
<p>A second renovation fund-drive was undertaken in 2001, raising $7.8 million (about $9.5 million in 2008 dollars). A key funding source was a State of Iowa culture and tourism grant. The renovation took place in 2003 and added a 57&#39; wing space, a reception hall, and much-improved HVAC system and electrical and fire system. It also repaired or replaced seat covers, restrooms, and carpeting. After the 2003 renovation, the main floor of the theater seated 1126 and the balcony seated 787. The theater kept an autograph book of all famous performers who had appeared on its stages.</p><br>
<h2>Flood of 2008</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount Theatre was damaged by the epic flood that began in the early morning of Wednesday, June 11, 2008 when the Cedar River rose up over its banks. When the record-breaking flood waters crested at 32 feet on Friday, June 13, 2008, most of downtown Cedar Rapids was covered in a toxic mix of garbage and river water, including the Paramount. Restoration of the Paramount Theatre was scheduled to be completed in the fall of 2012. The console, lift, and blower of the Mighty Wurlitzer theater organ were destroyed by the flood.</p><br>
<p>Hashira Island is an island in southern Hiroshima Bay of the Inland Sea, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Located 26 km southeast of Iwakuni, it is part of the Kutsuna Islands within the Bōyo Islands group. The island covers 3.12 km&sup2; and as of 2013 had a population of 184 residents.</p><br>
<p>The highest point on the island is Mt. Kinzō. Economic activity on the island consists of fishing and cultivation of vegetables and citrus fruit. Hashirajima is connected to the port at Iwakuni Mondays through Saturdays by a high speed ferry.</p><br>
<p>The island is best known for its association in World War II with the surrounding Hashirajima Anchoring Area. Located 30–40 km south of the naval base at Kure, Hiroshima, warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy that did not need dock repairs would anchor at Hashirajima and it was also used as a staging area before fleet departures. It was also the site of the loss of the IJN battleship , which suffered an internal explosion and sank there.</p><br>
<p>The Watervliet Arsenal is an arsenal of the United States Army located in Watervliet, New York, on the west bank of the Hudson River. It is the oldest continuously active arsenal in the United States, and today produces much of the artillery for the army, as well as gun tubes for cannons, mortars, and tanks. It has been a National Historic Landmark since 1966.</p><br>
<p>The arsenal was founded in 1813 to support the War of 1812, and was designated as the Watervliet Arsenal in 1817. It occupies 142 acres (57 ha) of land, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of Albany, New York. The location is adjacent to the Hudson River. The site contains manufacturing, administrative offices and storage areas. It also houses the Army&#39;s Benet Laboratories, which does product development, improvement, research, and testing.</p><br>
<h2>Tenant activities</h2><br>
<p>The Arsenal has the historic Iron Building, which served as the home of the Watervliet Arsenal Museum. However, the museum was closed on October 1, 2013 for security reasons.</p><br>
<p>Recruiting Station Albany, the headquarters of a United States Marine Corps recruiting station, is located on the Arsenal.</p><br>
<p>On 17 February 2009, the headquarters of the United States Army Recruiting Battalion Albany relocated to Watervliet Arsenal from its old location on Wolf Road</p><br>
<h2>1813–1823</h2><br>
<p>The arsenal was chosen to be built at the edge of the village of Gibonsville, directly opposite Troy, New York. It was chosen to be built there due to its key location on the Hudson River, only 60 mi from Lake Champlain, 140 mi from New York City, and a short distance via the Mohawk River to Lake Ontario. During the early stages of the War of 1812, attacks could be expected from many key ports and other locations. At the time, the Colonel of Ordnance was Decius Wadsworth; he originally designated the arsenal to produce fixed ammunition and small articles of equipment including gun carriages, drag ropes, ladles, wormers, sponges, and shot. The original plot of land acquired by the Department of Ordnance was 12 acre. Construction began in the summer of 1813 on fourteen buildings: south and north gun houses, a brick arsenal, two stables, a guard house, commanding officers quarters, a woodshed, two enlisted mens quarters, a hospital and one office. The cost for the land was 2,585.</p><br>
<h2>1880s</h2><br>
<p>Nearly 70 years after the arsenal produced its first products it was finally thrust into national prominence when in the late 1880s the arsenal became the Army’s first large caliber cannon manufacturer. During this period, production moved from the manufacturing of saddles and gun carriages to cannons. Remnants of this period are still in operation today as evidenced by the continued use of historic Building 110, “The Big Gun Shop,” for manufacturing missions. This gun shop once produced 16-inch guns and many other weapons for the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps.</p><br>
<p>Lake Altus-Lugert, also known as Lake Altus and Lake Lugert is a reservoir located on the North Fork Red River, about 17 miles  north of Altus, Oklahoma on the former site of the town of Lugert, Oklahoma. The river is the boundary between Greer County and Kiowa County, Oklahoma. The lake is used for fishing, boating, swimming, and irrigation. However, toxic blooms of golden algae killed off nearly all adult fish early in 2013, making it unsuitable for fishing, temporarily. Heavy rains in 2015 ended an 8-year drought and refilled the lake with water. This is also the principal water supply for Altus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Lugert was created over the former town of Lugert (founded in 1902) which was destroyed by a tornado on April 27, 1912. One can see the old foundations of the houses which used to stand in the area. Layers of brick and weeds dominate the area making it hard to walk through when the lake is dry. The town was hit by a tornado several times leaving the town to only rebuild. Later after the last tornado hit the town, the towns people decided to leave, abandoning the entire town. Lake Altus has been expanded to include the town of Lugert, also creating Lake Lugert.</p><br>
<p>Lake Altus-Lugert is the primary storage facility for the W.C. Austin Project of the USA Bureau of Reclamation. This project provides irrigation water to some 48,000 acres (190 km²) of land located in southwestern Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Lake Altus had its beginnings in 1927 when the city of Altus, Oklahoma built Altus Dam as a source of municipal water for the city. Interest in providing irrigation water to farmers in the region prompted the USA Government to authorize construction of a larger reservoir in the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1938. The dam was to be raised 50 feet (15 m) to impound more water. Construction started in 1941, and was interrupted by World War II. Construction resumed in 1944. The dam, as it stands today, was completed in 1947.</p><br>
<p>There is also an extensive system of canals leaving Lake Altus in order to deliver the irrigation water to farmland. Most of these canals and distribution laterals were completed by 1953.</p><br>
<p>An 8-year drought that had largely depleted the lake ended in the Spring of 2015, when storms delivered 17.1 in of rain in 60 days. The heavy rains caused local flooding and property damage in the Quartz Mountain Nature Park. The Altus Dam flood gates had to be opened to relieve excess water, after the lake reached its normal capacity.</p><br>
<h2>Dam</h2><br>
<p>Altus Dam is a concrete gravity, partially curved structure faced with granite masonry except on the downstream face of the overflow section. The dam is 110 feet (34 m) above foundation and 1,104 feet (336 m) long. It contains 70,200 cubic yards (54,000 m³) of concrete and masonry. Incorporated within the dam section are both controlled and uncontrolled overflow-type spillways and an irrigation outlet works which delivers water into the project canal system. The 58,000 cubic foot per second (1,600 m³/s) spillway is regulated by nine radial gates. Lake Altus has a total capacity of 154,092 acre.ft, of which 1,663 acre.ft are dead storage, 19,597 acre.ft are flood control storage, and 132,832 acre.ft are conservation storage. The last 10,000 acre.ft of conservation storage is reserved for municipal water for Altus, Oklahoma. Appurtenant reservoir structures are Lugert, East, North, and South Dikes, located at low places on the reservoir rim. Lugert Dike, the largest, is 4,245 feet (1,294 m) long and has a maximum height of 45 feet (14 m).</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Lake Altus, in the scenic Quartz Mountains, offers year-round recreation. The north portion of the reservoir area is managed for wildlife benefits by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. This includes a total water surface area of over 6,500 acres (26 km²), and a land area of over 4,000 acres (16 km²).</p><br>
<p>Many types of recreational activity are allowed on and around the lake. Water skiing, jet skiing and swimming are allowed. Fishing is quite popular. The most prevalent species of fish are: black bass, catfish, crappie, hybrid bass, sand bass, walleye and white bass. This lake holds the record for the largest walleye and hybrid bass caught in Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Quartz Mountain Nature Park is located at the west edge of the reservoir. Public recreation facilities of all types are available, including an 18-hole golf course, lodging at Quartz Mountain Resort, Arts & Conference Center, grocery store, organized group camps, recreation-vehicle pads, tent spaces, two swimming beaches, boat launching ramps, trailer spaces, campgrounds, picnic areas with shelters and tables, drinking water, restrooms, hiking trails, and access roads with parking. Fishing and hunting are popular, as well as picnicking, sightseeing, and many water sport activities.</p><br>
<h2>Quartz Mountain Resort, Arts & Conference Center</h2><br>
<p>The first Quartz Mountain Lodge was built on the west side of Lake Altus in 1955. An electrical fire in 1995 destroyed most of the structure, what remained was demolished in 1998 so that reconstruction could begin. The new Quartz Mountain Lodge was completed in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Quartz Mountain Resort, Arts & Conference Center consists of a main lodge facility offering 118 rooms, a performance center, outdoor amphitheater and 11 cabins. The lodge was recently rebuilt after a fire destroyed the original lodge. Once reconstruction was completed, ownership of the lodge was transferred from the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department to the Regents for Higher Education who manages the property currently. The lodge rooms are decorated in western, Native American and southwestern decor and each features four pieces of original artwork. The lodge contains a large collection of art created by professional artists and the gifted students who attend the Quartz Mountain Arts Institute each summer.</p><br>
<h2>Golden algae fish kill</h2><br>
<p>Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists announced in 2013 that the lake was essentially dead as a fishery. After conducting a four-day survey in April 2013, using electrofishing and gill netting, they found no live fish. They estimated that toxic golden algae had killed more than 350,000 fish over a three-month period. The Department then began stocking the lake with shad and sunfish, so that a good forage base could be established. When it appeared that a solid population of forage fish was present, the restocking began with largemouth bass, crappie, walleye and channel catfish. But sampling conducted in May 2015 showed the lake was virtually lifeless again, apparently as a result of another golden algae bloom in the summer of 2014. Nevertheless, given the heavy rains in May 2015 that refilled the lake and lowered its salt content, the Department stated its efforts to re-establish a viable fishery in Lake Altus-Lugert will continue.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Narrows, also known as Kent Island Narrows and to local residents simply as the Narrows, is a waterway that connects the Chester River with the Eastern Bay and also separates Kent Island from the Delmarva Peninsula. It runs through the community of Kent Narrows, Maryland. The Kent Narrows was originally shallow and surrounded by marsh. A causeway was built across it in 1826, but was removed in 1876 when the channel was dredged. Today the Kent Narrows continues to be dredged regularly. The area has traditionally been a location for seafood packing and restaurants.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Several bridges, both part of roads and the Queen Anne&#39;s Railroad, have crossed the Kent Narrows in the past. Currently, two road bridges cross the Kent Narrows.</p><br>
<p>*The Kent Narrows Bridge is part of US 50/US 301 and was built during the early 1990s as part of upgrades to US 50/US 301 on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>*The Waterman&#39;s Memorial Bridge, formally known as the Old Kent Narrows Bridge Drawbridge, is part of Maryland Route 18 as well as the American Discovery Trail and serves local traffic, both automobiles and pedestrians. It once carried US 50 as the main bridge across the Kent Narrows until the newer bridge was built.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nojiri is in the town of Shinano, Kamiminochi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Second to Lake Suwa among lakes in Nagano Prefecture, Nojiri is a resort, the location of the first pumped-storage hydroelectricity in Japan, and the site of a Japanese Paleolithic excavation.</p><br>
<h2>Data</h2><br>
<p>Transparency: 5–7 m</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The lake rarely freezes over in the winter. "Dome boats," outfitted with stoves, catch smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) in Lake Nojiri. The lake was once the home of native Japanese trout but now is home to bass from the USA.</p><br>
<h2>Tategahana Paleolithic Site</h2><br>
<p>In 1946, a tusk of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (Naumann&#39;s Elephant, named in honor of the geologist Heinrich Edmund Naumann, 1854–1927) was discovered accidentally. In 1962, excavations began at the edge and on the bottom of the lake. The location was a promontory known as Tategahana on the western shore. Discoveries included implements of stone and bone, fossils of Palaeoloxodon naumanni, and of deer. Analyses of diatoms, pollen, paleomagnetism, and volcanic ash place the site, with its fossils of humans and megafauna, in the Paleolithic, the Pleistocene, about 40,000 years ago. Kondo et al. conclude that Tategahana is a "kill-butchering site."</p><br>
<p>Elateia  was an ancient Greek city of Phocis, and the most important place in that region after Delphi. It is also a modern-day town that is a former municipality in the southeastern part of Phthiotis. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is a municipal unit of the municipality Amfikleia-Elateia. Its population is 3,538 inhabitants  and its land area is 154.361 km². The municipal seat was the town of Eláteia ; other towns are Zeli , Panagítsa , Lefkochóri , Sfáka , and Katályma .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ancient Elateia was situated about the middle of the great fertile basin that extends nearly 20 miles, from the narrows of the Cephissus River below Amphicleia, to the entrance into Boeotia. Hence it was admirably placed for commanding the passes into Southern Greece from Mount Oeta, and became a post of great military importance. Pausanias describes it as situated over against Amphicleia, at the distance of 180 stadia from the latter town, on a gently rising slope in the plain of the Cephissus. Elateia is not mentioned by Homer. Its inhabitants claimed they were Arcadians, deriving their name from Elatus, the son of Arcas. It was burnt, along with the other Phocian towns, by the Persian army of Xerxes in 480 BC. When Philip II of Macedon entered Phocis in 339 BC, with the professed object of conducting war against Amphissa, he seized Elateia and began to restore its fortifications. The alarm this caused at Athens shows that they regarded Phocis as a key of Southern Greece. The subsequent history of Elateia is given in some detail by Pausanias. It successfully resisted Cassander in 301 BC, but it was taken by the king of Macedon Philip V, the son of Demetrius II Aetolicus. It remained faithful to Philip V when the Romans invaded Greece, and was taken by assault by the Romans in 198 BC. At a later time, the Romans declared the town free, because the inhabitants had repulsed an 86 BC attack by Taxiles, the general of Mithridates VI.</p><br>
<p>Among noteworthy sites in Elateia, Pausanias mentions the agora, a temple of Asclepius that contained a beardless statue of the god, a theater, and an ancient brazen statue of Athena. He also mentions a temple of Athena Cranaea, situated 20 stadia from Elateia: the road to it was a very gentle ascent, but the temple stood upon a steep hill of small size.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city has been repeatedly sacked and destroyed in its history, and also subject to several earthquakes. For these reasons the one modern excavation of the classical site has not been much successful; the one exception was the Temple of Athena Cranaia, 3 km from the town. What has been attested is continuous occupation of the valley, that goes back to as far as 6000 BC.</p><br>
<p>Syrrako  is a village and a former community in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality North Tzoumerka, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 29.307 km. It has a predominantly Aromanian population, and is located 52 km southeast of Ioannina at an altitude of 1200 m, on the mountain Peristeri. It is built on a steep slope in and retains its traditional buildings.</p><br>
<p>It is the hometown of the poet and author Kostas Krystallis and the first Prime Minister of Greece, Ioannis Kolettis.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Syrrako is built on the slopes of Mount Peristeri (Lakmos) in the Pindus, offering natural shelter and security.</p><br>
<p>Syrrako is separated from its twin village Kalarites by the deep ravine of the river Chroussias, a tributary of the Arachthos. Tradition says that the river’s name derives from Νeoptolemos’ son, Chroussios, who drowned there, not being aware of the fact that water rises fast during bad weather conditions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Syrrako was inhabited before the 15th century (possibly in the 11th century) by Aromanians (Vlachs). Evidence for this includes the age of the plane trees in the village square. During the Ottoman period, after 1480, it was the capital of the self-governed federation of Malakasio, consisting of 42 villages and belonging to the Valide Sultan. Because of this it enjoyed a privileged treatment. During that time the village developed immensely. Firstly, the inhabitants were involved in cattle breeding and afterwards they developed trade, industrial production of wool textiles and cattle products.</p><br>
<p>The expanse of pasture land (nearly 750 kmª) enabled the inhabitants to raise the number of sheep and goats to thousands (50,000 and according to others 75,000) and bring the big quantity of their products, in connection with the Syrrakiotes’ trade genius, to the biggest trade centers in the Mediterranean and Black Sea (Italy, France, Spain, Odessa, Moscow, Bucharest, Belgrade, Constantinople and others).</p><br>
<p>Capes made in Syrrako were in great demand and it is said that even Napoleon’s army was supplied with a large number of them. The travellers Leake and François Pouqueville report in the years 1815 and 1818 that they found in Syrrako “a trade cycle comparable to the best European cities”. Furthermore, they mention the existence of significant libraries and the circulation of European newspapers, evidence that intellectual development co-existed with trade. Syrrako and Kalarrytes were the only villages in Epirus that took part in the first year of the 1821 Revolution with 720 families and 3,500 inhabitants. The Ottomans destroyed and burnt down the village, and the inhabitants abandoned it trying to save their lives (10 July 1821).</p><br>
<p>Only five buildings remained untouched, among them the church of the Panagia. The inhabitants returned in the year 1825 (according to others in 1827-28), rebuilt the village and between 1860-70 the village became again as imposing as in the previous years. A second revolution took place in 1854 which was of no consequence. The decline of the wool trade and its replacement by other fibers (1908–10) hurt the local economy and led to changes in production patterns. At that time 530 houses and nearly 5,000 inhabitants existed in the village.</p><br>
<p>In the aftermath of the First Balkan War, Syrrako was joined to Greece on November 23, 1912. In the national census of 1913, Ioannina counts 17,000 inhabitants, Konitsa 2,000 and Syrrako 3,500.</p><br>
<h2>Famous natives of Syrrako</h2><br>
<p>Kostas Krystallis (1868–1894), author and poet, he wrote “Mountain and Stable”, “Stavraetos”, “Shades of Hades” and “Vlachoi of Pindos” and many others.</p><br>
<p>Ioannis Kolettis (1774–1847), first Constitutive Prime Minister of Greece (1844–1847), member of Filiki Eteria, minister of the Interior Affairs, of the Navy and Military, member of the “ Three member Committee” after Kapodistria’s death, ambassador in Paris (1836–1843).</p><br>
<p>Georgios Zalokostas (1805–1858) poet and fighter during 1821.</p><br>
<p>The army leaders Katsikogiannis, Lepeniotis and others, the benefactors G. Gianniotis, Sp. Baltatzis, G. Ikkos and many other men of literature, arts and trade.</p><br>
<p>Sedudu Island  is a fluvial island in Botswana, formed in the Chobe River adjacent to the border with Namibia which runs down the thalweg of the river immediately north of the island. The island was the subject of a territorial dispute between these countries, resolved by a 1999 decision of the International Court of Justice  which ruled in favour of Botswana. The island is approximately 5 km&sup2; in area, with no permanent residents. For several months each year, beginning around March, the island is submerged by floods.</p><br>
<h2>Territorial dispute</h2><br>
<p>The dispute arose because of the imprecise wording of the agreement concerning the northern boundary between the colonial powers of Germany and the United Kingdom which settled the geographic interests between German South-West Africa and the Bechuanaland Protectorate in the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty signed on July 1, 1890. This treaty read "in Southwest Africa, Germany&#39;s sphere of influence is demarcated thus":</p><br>
<p>To the east by the line that commences at the aforementioned point and follows the 20th degree of east longitude to its intersection point with the 22nd degree of south latitude. The line then traces this degree of latitude eastward to its intersection with the 21st degree of east longitude, follows this degree of longitude northward to its intersection with the 18th degree of south latitude, runs along this degree of latitude eastward to its intersection with the Chobe River. Here it descends the thalweg of the main channel until it meets the Zambezi, where it ends. It is understood that under this arrangement Germany shall be granted free access from its protectorate to the Zambezi by means of a strip of land not less than twenty English miles wide at any point. Great Britain&#39;s sphere of influence is bounded to the west and northwest by the previously described line and includes Lake Ngami.</p><br>
<p>The present country of Namibia was German Southwest Africa in 1890; Botswana was then known as the Bechuanaland Protectorate.</p><br>
<p>Namibia and Botswana reached a Special Agreement in 1996 to resolve their dispute by taking it to the ICJ. Under the terms of the Special Agreement, the two countries asked the Court to "determine, on the basis of the Anglo-German Treaty of 1 July 1890 and the rules and principles of international law, the boundary between Namibia and Botswana around Kasikili/Sedudu Island and the legal status of the island".</p><br>
<h3>ICJ decision</h3><br>
<p>According to the text of the 1890 Treaty, Great Britain and Germany located the dividing line between their spheres of influence in the "main channel" of the Chobe River. The real dispute between the countries concerned the location of that "main channel", with Botswana contending that it was the channel running north of Sedudu Island and Namibia saying the channel ran south of the island. However, since the 1890 Treaty did not define the notion of "main channel", the Court itself had to determine which was the main channel of the Chobe River around the island.</p><br>
<p>To do so, the Court took into consideration the depth and the width of the channel, the flow (i.e., the volume of water carried), the bed profile configuration and the navigability of the channel. After considering the figures submitted by both parties, as well as surveys carried out on the ground at different periods, the Court concluded that "the northern channel of the River Chobe around Kasikili/Sedudu Island must be regarded as its main channel".</p><br>
<p>The Court stated that it could not draw conclusions from the cartographic material "in view of the absence of any map officially reflecting the intentions of the parties to the 1890 Treaty" and "in the light of the uncertainty and inconsistency" of the maps submitted by Botswana and Namibia.</p><br>
<p>The Court considered Namibia&#39;s alternative argument that it (and its predecessors) had prescriptive title to Kasikili/Sedudu Island by virtue of the exercise of sovereign jurisdiction over it since the beginning of the century, with full knowledge and acceptance by the authorities of Botswana (and its predecessors). The Court found that while the Masubia of the Caprivi Strip (territory belonging to Namibia) did indeed use the island for many years, they did so intermittently, according to the seasons, and for exclusively agricultural purposes, without it being established that they occupied the island exercising functions of state authority there on behalf of the Caprivi authorities. The Court therefore rejected this argument.</p><br>
<p>After concluding that the boundary between Botswana and Namibia around Kasikili/Sedudu Island follows the line of deepest soundings in the northern channel of the Chobe and that the island formed part of the territory of Botswana, the Court recalled that, under the terms of an agreement concluded in May 1992 (the "Kasane Communiqué"), the two countries had undertaken to one another that there shall be unimpeded navigation for craft of their nationals and flags in the channels around the island.</p><br>
<p>Reem Island  is a natural island 600 metres off the coast of Abu Dhabi island. Sorouh Real Estate, http://www.reeminvestments.com/ Reem Investments, and http://www.tamouh.com/ Tamouh are independently developing parts of the island with projects like Shams Abu Dhabi. Reem Developers define the overall dimensions of the project as 6.5 million square metres and investment costs as exceeding $30 billion. The project has gained international interest as one of the first free zones in Abu Dhabi, where foreign nationals can buy property as leasehold.</p><br>
<p>Located off the northeastern coast of Abu Dhabi city, it is a mixed purpose community with both residential and commercial units. The handing over of units in Al Reem Island was delayed due to a couple of reasons but during the first quarter of 2011, the handing over process began.</p><br>
<p>In March 2013, Repton announced that it will be opening a campus in Al Reem Island after which it became one of the first schools of the community.</p><br>
<h2>Reference List</h2><br>
